中药复方肥料对金丝皇菊田土壤特性和病害的影响

Effects of Compound Fertilizer with Traditional Chinese Medicinal Materials on Soil Characteristics in Jinsi Huangju(Dendranthema morifolium)Field

为探索无公害防治金丝皇菊连作障碍的方法,采用田间试验方法研究以百部、苦参、薄荷、紫苏和青蒿组方不同配比中药复方肥料对金丝皇菊田土壤特性的影响。结果表明,与对照相比施用中药复方肥料增加金丝皇菊全生育期土壤有机质和有效氮磷钾含量。生长旺盛期,施用中药复方肥料土壤细菌数量比对照增加8.24%~31.68%,土壤真菌数量降低6.06%~18.09%,T2(即苦参:百部:薄荷:紫苏用量比为2:1:2:1)细菌数量比其它处理增加17.54%~24.08%,蔗糖酶和过氧化氢酶活性比其它处理高14.47%~32.69%和12.45%~25.42%。采收期,T2处理金丝皇菊根腐病发病率最低、产量最高。可见,施用中药复方肥料能够增加土壤有机质和土壤养分,调控土壤微生物区系,是防治连作障碍、生产优质金丝皇菊的一种可行方法,其中T2效果最佳。

In order to explore methods with pollution-free prevention to controlling continuous cropping obstacles of Dendranthema morifolium(Jinsi Huangju),field experiments were conducted to study the effects of compound fertilizers with traditional Chinese medicinal materials(CFTCMM).The CFTCMM was composed by Stemona japonica,Sophora flawescens,Mentha canadensis,Perilla frutescens and Artemisia carvifolia.Results were showed as follows:During the whole growth period of Jinsi Huangju,the contents of soil organic matter,available nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium were increased by application of CFTCMM comparing with the control.In vigorous growth period,the quantity of soil bacteria and fungi were 8.24%~31.68%,6.06%~18.09%,respectively,in treatments by application of CFTCMM comparing with the control.Compared with other treatments,T2 treatment increased the quantity of bacteria by17.54%~24.08%.Similarly,T2 treatment enhanced activities of sucrase and catalase by 14.47%~32.69%and 12.45%~25.42%,respectively,comparing with other treatments.At harvesting period,the lowest incidence of root rot and the highest yield were observed in T2 treatment.Summerily,application of CFTCMM could increase soil organic matter and available nutrients,regulate soil microflora,it is an effective method to prevent continuous cropping obstacles and produce high quality Jinsi Huangju.T2 treatment(the dosage ratio of Stemona japonica:Sophora flavescens:Mentha Canadensis:Perilla frutescens being 2:1:2:1)was optimum.