明清时期山东境内私家园林地域特征探析

Analysis on the Regional Characteristics of Private Gardens in Shandong during the Ming and Qing Dynasties

中国古典园林文化博大精深,不同时期和不同地域的私家园林都有其独特性。山东作为早期中国古典园林的发源地之一,不论造园水平、文化内涵还是地域风貌都有其鲜明特色,是中国古典园林文化的重要组成部分。明清时期是私家园林建造的兴盛时期,留下大量的可供考证史迹文献,然而大量传统的山东园林现今都已经荒废,少数幸存的私家园林被北方皇家园林和江南私家园林的声誉所掩,山东地区私家园林渐渐销声在历史的长河,研究工作刻不容缓。本文通过研究明清时期的古籍文献和实地调研,对明清时期山东私家园林进行分析,总结其造园要素、选址布局等特点,挖掘造园艺术上的文化特色、建筑特色、石水特色和植物特色,为保护山东私家园林的地域性特征提供理论依据,对山东园林文化的传承与发展具有重要意义。

Chinese classical garden culture is broad and profound,and private gardens in different periods and regions have their own uniqueness.Shandong,as one of the early birthplaces of Chinese classical gardens,has distinctive characteristics in terms of gardening construction level,cultural connotation and regional features,and is an important part of Chinese classical garden culture.During Ming and Qing Dynasties,the private garden construction has a prosperous period,leaving a large number of historical documents for textual research.However,a large number of traditional Shandong gardens have been abandoned today.A few of the surviving private gardens have been hidden by the reputation of the northern royal gardens and the private gardens in the south of the Yangtze River.The private gardens in Shandong have gradually been sold out in the long river of history,so it is urgent to research.This paper analyzes the private gardens in Shandong during the Ming and Qing Dynasties by studying the ancient books and documents in the Ming and Qing Dynasties and making on-the-spot investigations,summarizes their gardening elements,site selection and layout and other characteristics,excavates the cultural characteristics,architectural characteristics,stone and water characteristics and plant characteristics of gardening art,provides a theoretical basis for protecting the regional characteristics of private gardens in Shandong,and is of great significance for the inheritance and development of Shandong garden culture.