晋公盘的铸造工艺分析

Analysis of Casting Techniques on a bronze basin of Jin Gong

晋公盘是一件失去考古背景的春秋中期的晋国珍奇青铜器,具有双附耳,三人形足,内底有五类共十九只可旋转的圆雕动物附件,其中鸟喙能启闭,鳖头上半部能伸缩。本研究采用计算机断层扫描技术(X-ray CT)分析盘的内部结构,揭示出圆雕动物内的立柱结构分两种,动物体内均设有对应的卯与之配合,构成间隙连接;据CT图像,可以判断人形足与盘体铸焊,附耳铸接,而立柱铸焊连接。这一研究揭示了高级贵族对以特殊工艺铸造玩好器具的偏爱,并在结构和形式及工艺技术上均有所创新。将晋公盘与子仲姜盘的铸造工艺进行比较,不仅反映出二者在设计、制作中的紧密联系,也体现了春秋中期铸造技术发生的重要变革。

The bronze ritual basin of Jin gong is a rare treasure of the Jin State in the Mid Spring and Autumn Period,but its archaeological context were lost completely.The basin is an elaborated vessel with double handles and three human figure-shaped feet and 19 rotatable animal accessories on the inner bottom,such as birds,turtle and so on.As even the bird beak can opened and closed flexibly,the upper part of the turtle head can stretch out and draw back.Through X-ray CT scanning,it reveals that there are two kinds of column structures in the animal body,which are equipped with sockets to match them and remained some interstitial space.Three basin feet and these small columns are cast welded with the body.The handles are cast joint with the body.This study revealed that the aristocrats preferred to such exquisite bronze artifacts that involved many special techniques and innovation on structure and art forms.Meanwhile,there are some close relationship between the bronze basin of Jin Gong and Zizhong Jiang through comparing their casting techniques.It reflects the important reform and innovation of casting technology during the Mid Spring and Autumn Period.