考古博物馆内涵解析与发展定位探讨

Discussion on Connotation Resolution and Development Orientation of the Archaeological Museum

考古博物馆脱胎于欧洲文艺复兴时兴起的古物陈列室,并随着近代考古学理论的形成和在博物馆中的应用而初具形态。近年来,我国多地纷纷开始大力筹建考古博物馆,走出了一条不同于欧洲考古博物馆的崛起之路,但相关理论与实践还处于起步探索阶段。本文通过概念内涵解析认为,中国现代考古博物馆主要由专业考古发掘研究机构建设和运营,以考古学理论方法为工作指导,收藏展示考古调查、发掘出土文物及考古工作内容,实现文化遗产保护、研究、利用,具有鲜明的考古学科属性和价值导向。考古博物馆未来发展可定位为考古成果收藏保护的专题博物馆,考古学科研究教育的专业博物馆,考古工作宣传普及的行业博物馆,与综合性历史博物馆、考古遗址博物馆及考古与艺术博物馆相区别,走错位化和特色化的发展路径。

The Archaeological Museum originated from the Collection of Antiquities that emerged in the Renaissance,then it took shape with the modern archaeological theory and the application in museum management.In recent years,many provinces in China have started planning to build the archaeological museums and emerged a different way to distinct from the European archaeological museums.But the theory and practice of such museums are still in exploration.Through the analysis of the concept connotation,we believe that the modern Chinese archaeological museums are mainly constructed and managed by archaeological authorities.So it should be guided by the archaeological theory to collect and display the content of investigations,cultural relics from archaeological excavation and related works.Then it will accomplish the protection,research and utilization of cultural heritage and embody the archaeological disciplines and value orientation actually.In the future,the archaeological museum is supposed to be a special museum for collecting and protecting archaeological achievements,a professional museum for researching and education,an industry museum for publicizing archaeological work as well.So that it will distinguish with History Museum,Archaeological Site Museum and Archaeological and Art Museum.Then the archaeological museums will create a different and special way for their development.