失业保险预防失业功能的理论证成与制度构建

The Theoretical Justifi cation and Institutional Construction of the Function of Preventing Unemployment Covered in Unemployment Insurance

当前,我国的失业保险制度尚不能完全实现保障劳动者经济安全的基本目标,亟须拓展规范空间。在传统失业保险制度中引入预防失业功能,是进一步实现劳动者经济安全保障的可选路径。劳动法上的解雇保护制度和传统失业保险制度中部分失业救济的缺失构成引入预防失业功能的现实需求;社会连带和外部性理论构成其理论基础;《宪法》规定的劳动权和社会保障权条款为其立法依据。结合我国具体国情,失业保险引入预防失业功能,当下应采取部分失业补贴为主、职业技能补贴为辅的形式,将来则可考虑进一步引进行业经验费率制度。在此基础上,要确立以维护劳动者人性尊严为核心的立法理念,以辅助性和非核心性作为定位规则,并加强相关制度的设计。

As the current unemployment insurance system has not yet fully enabled the realization of the basic goal of protecting the economic security of workers,it is urgent to have its regulatory space expanded.Hence,the introduction of unemployment prevention function into the traditional unemployment insurance system is an optional path to further guarantee the realization of workers'economic security.It is evident that the dismissal protection system in the labor law and the lack of partial unemployment benefi ts in the traditional unemployment insurance system constitute the real demand for introducing the function of unemployment prevention;the theory of social solidarity and externality constitutes its theoretical foundation;the articles of labor rights and social security rights stipulated in the Constitution are its legislative basis.In the light of China's specifi c national status,the introduction of the function of preventing unemployment in unemployment insurance should take partial unemployment subsidies as the main form of benefits and vocational skills subsidies as the supplementary form of benefits.The introduction of industry experience rate system can be considered in the future.On this basis,the legislative concept of maintaining workers'human dignity should be established as the core,with subsidiarity and non-core as the positioning rules,and the design of related rules and regulations should be strengthened.