我国养老院老年人精神养老问题研究

The Dilemma of Psychological Care in Chinese Nursing Homes and Its Solutions

精神养老问题自我国老人的养老物质需求得到满足之后就逐渐显现出来,但目前我国养老模式大多仍然是居家养老,所以多数研究以及对策都是基于居家养老模式以及大社会背景而提出的。文章以养老院的精神养老问题作为研究对象,分别从养老院的硬环境和软环境分析目前精神养老存在的困境,并认为养老院陷入这些困境的主要原因是养老院丰富老人精神生活方式缺乏针对性和创新性,重视老人精神生活的问题缺乏积极性和深切性,推进老人精神生活的条例缺乏灵活性和宽容性,支持老人精神生活的力度缺乏有效性和广泛性等原因。提出了养老院应提升对精神养老的创新活力,提高对精神养老的重视程度,加大精神养老的宣讲和引导,引入可持续发展的虚拟养老院,以养老院作为媒介推动老年人再就业的解决途径。

The issue of psychological care has gradually emerged since the material needs of the elderly in China have been met.However,the majority of old-age care modes in China are still home-based,as a result,most of the studies and countermeasures focus on the home-based old-age care mode and the holistic social background.This paper,takes the issue of psychological care in nursing homes as the research object,analyzes its dilemma in terms of hard environment and soft environment respectively in nursing homes,and argues that the dilemma is attributable to the absence of pertinence and innovation in enriching their spiritual life,not laying emphasis on their spiritual life with heart-felt enthusiasm and initiative,the absence of flexibility and tolerance in promoting their spiritual life,the absence of effectiveness and wide coverage in supporting their spiritual life.It is suggested that the nursing home should enhance the innovative vitality of the psychological care,pay greater attention to the psychological care,increase the propaganda and guidance of the psychological care,introduce the virtual nursing home of sustainable development,and promote the re-employment of the elderly by using the nursing home as a medium.