“没”字句否定辖域和否定焦点的韵律实现

Prosodic realization of negative scope and negative focus in sentences with mei(没)

以“没”后是状中结构的双项动词性成分的否定句为例,考察否定辖域和否定焦点的韵律实现问题。语音实验结果表明:“没”的否定辖域是其后的所有成分,在语调中最突出的投射是辖域内的调域压缩。自然焦点否定句中,说话人优选否定词后毗邻成分为否定焦点,和“没”共同构成自然焦点否定句的联合焦点。否定焦点和否定句焦点可以分离,可以重合或部分重合,由否定辖域内结构和强调焦点的有无及位置决定。

The paper investigates the prosody problem of negative scope and negative focus by testing the negative mei(没)sentences that consists of double verbal parts,one of which is an adverb.Voice experiments􀆳results show that the negative scope covers all the components after mei in sentences.The most obvious intonational performance is the tone range contraction within the negative scope.Speakers prefer to choose the component next to the negative adverb as the negative focus in a natural focus negative sentence.This component and mei form a joint focus together.The negative focus and the negative sentence focus can be separated,overlapped or partially overlapped,depending on the structure in negative scope,the presence of emphatic focus or the location of emphatic focus.