美国中文教育发展动态及特征研究

A study of development and characteristics of Chinese teaching in the U.S.

美国中文教育发展时间久、基础深,在全球中文教育体系中具有引领性和代表性。影响美国中文教育发展的因素很多,如中美关系、经贸往来、语言政策、华人群体、基础教育、高等教育、华文教育和中文测试等,本文详细分析了各要素的基本情况、特征及各要素之间的相互关系,认为美国中文教育具有整体性、系统性、区域性和循环性的特征。提出了促进民间交流、鼓励自主创新的市场化机制,鼓励中国高校重点培养基础教育阶段的中文教学师资,为中美高校中文教育学术交流提供支持三项策略。

From the two dimensions of external and internal factors of Chinese language education in the United States,this paper analyzes the basic situation,characteristics and interrelationships of the various elements of Chinese language education in the United States,such as Sino-American relations,language policies,economic and trade exchanges,Chinese groups,basic education,higher education,Chinese language education and Chinese language testing.It holds that Chinese language education in the United States has the characteristics of integrity,systematicity,regionality and circularity,Finally,it proposes three strategies:facilitating non-governmental exchanges and independent innovation through a market-oriented mechanism,encouraging Chinese universities to focus on training Chinese teachers for the basic education,and supporting the academic exchange of Chinese education between Chinese and American universities.