基于城市留言板数据的武汉中心城区民生问题空间分异特征及影响机制

Spatial Differentiation Characteristics and Influence Mechanism of Livelihood Issues in Central Urban Area of Wuhan Based on Urban Message Board Data

民生问题是关乎居民生活最基础和最直接的现实问题,也是关系社会健康发展的重要问题。该文基于城市留言板数据,运用空间分析方法探索武汉市中心城区(以武昌区为例)民生问题的空间分异特征及其影响机制,结果表明:(1)武昌区民生问题整体呈现多核心集聚特征,集聚核心沿长江和交通干线形成民生问题集聚带;(2)武昌区民生问题结构特征明显,其中居民生活问题最多,房屋土地和道路交通问题次之,城市环境问题较少;(3)各类民生问题的空间分异特征显著,表现为居民生活、城市环境和社会服务问题呈热点集中、冷点分散的集聚特征,房屋土地问题集聚度东高西低,建设生产问题集聚度西高东低,道路交通问题主要分布在老旧社区和毗邻交通干线社区;(4)武昌区民生问题空间分异格局是人口、城市功能分区、城市规划建设和基层管理多重因素共同作用的结果。

Livelihood issues are the most fundamental and direct practical problems concerning residents′lives,and also important issues related to the sound development of society.Based on the data of the urban message board,the spatial analysis method is used to explore the spatial differentiation characteristics and influence mechanism of livelihood issues in Wuchang District,the central urban area of Wuhan.The results show that:①On the whole,livelihood issues in Wuchang District have the characteristics of multi-core agglomeration,and the agglomeration cores form the agglomeration belt of livelihood issues along the Yangtze River and the main transportation lines.②The structural characteristics of livelihood issues in Wuchang District are obvious.The residents′living problems are the most,followed by housing and land problems and road traffic problems,and urban environmental problems are less.③The spatial differentiation characteristics of various livelihood issues are significant,which shows that residents′living problems,urban environmental problems and social service problems are concentrated in hot spots and scattered in cold spots;the concentration degree of housing problems is high in the east and low in the west,while the concentration degree of construction and production problems is opposite;traffic problems are concentrated in old communities and communities adjacent to traffic arteries.④The formation of the spatial differentiation pattern of livelihood issues in Wuchang District is the result of the joint action of multiple factors,such as population,urban functional zoning,urban planning and construction,and grass-roots management.