长江经济带环境规制对旅游生态效率的门限效应及空间差异

Threshold Effect and Its Spatial Difference of Environmental Regulation on Tourism Eco-efficiency in the Yangtze River Economic Belt

环境规制手段与环境规制水平的动态调整是引领旅游业绿色发展的重要途径。采用熵值法和非径向SBM模型解读2003—2018年长江经济带命令控制型、市场激励型和公众自愿型3种环境规制与旅游生态效率的时空演化特征,综合运用普通面板回归和面板门限回归辨析3种环境规制对旅游生态效率的影响差异。结果表明:(1)命令控制型表现为“U”形演变轨迹并呈“西部高值集聚、东部与中部低值集聚”的空间格局,市场激励型由东至西呈梯度递减特征,且随时间推移愈发显著,公众自愿型则先震荡下跌后缓慢提升。(2)研究期内,长江经济带旅游生态效率均值距离最佳生产前沿面仍有29.6%的改善空间;纯技术效率均值高于规模效率,是促进旅游生态效率改善的重要因素。(3)命令控制型与旅游生态效率呈正线性关系;市场激励型与公众自愿型分别产生单门限与双门限的非线性影响,随环境规制水平提升均呈“负向效应逐渐减弱、正向效应开始显化”特征,并存在“东部>中部>西部”的空间差异。

The appropriate environmental regulation means and level are important ways to lead the green development of tourism.The entropy and non-radial SBM model are used to explore the spatio-temporal evolution characteristics of tourism eco-efficiency and environmental regulations(command-control regulation,market-incentive regulation and public-voluntary regulation)in the Yangtze River Economic Belt from 2003 to 2018,general panel regression and panel threshold regression are used to analyze the impact of three kinds of environmental regulations on tourism eco-efficiency.The results show that:①The command-control regulation shows a U-shaped evolution trajectory,forming a spatial pattern of"high-value aggregation in the West and low-value aggregation in the Central and East",the gradient decline characteristic of the market-incentive regulation from east to west becomes more and more obvious with the passage of time,while the public-voluntary regulation fluctuates at first and then increases slowly.②The average tourism eco-efficiency of the Yangtze River Economic Belt still has 29.6%room for improvement to the optimal production frontier.The average value of pure technical efficiency is higher than that of scale efficiency,which is an important factor to promote the improvement of tourism eco-efficiency.③There is a positive linear relationship between the command-control regulation and the tourism eco-efficiency of the Yangtze River Economic Belt,the market-incentive regulation and the public-voluntary regulation have the negative nonlinear effects of single threshold and double threshold on the tourism eco-efficiency respectively,the negative crowding-out effect gradually weakens and the positive long-term incentive effect begins to manifest with the improvement of the level of environmental regulations,showing the spatial differentiation of"East>Central>West".