音译词汉化程度的影响因素考察

On the Factors Influencing Chinesized Degrees of the Transliterating Loanwords

汉化是外来词适应汉语特点的必然选择。本文基于《新华外来词词典》中的音译词,考察了影响音译词汉化的主要因素以及相关特点。结论认为:音译词被借入汉语词汇系统时,需要接受来自语音、语义、语法等多个层面的制约,词形联想义、语音相似度、音节的长短、语义显著度、使用普遍性以及高频性是影响其汉化程度的六大因素。同时音译词汉化程度并不是一成不变的,具有时间性和动态性,其总体趋势表现为从低到高,由弱到强。

Chinesization is an inevitable choice for loanwords to adapt to Chinese characteristics.Based on the transliterating words in Xinhua loanwords dictionary,this paper investigates the main factors influencing the degree of chinesization and relevant characteristics.The conclusion is that chinesization need to be restricted from phonetics,semantics,grammar and other aspects when they are borrowed into Chinese vocabulary system.The six factors that affect the degree of chinesization include word associative meaning,phonetic similarity,syllable length,semantic significance,universality and high frequency.At the same time,the degree of transliteration in Chinese is not invariable,and it has the characteristics of time and dynamic,and its overall trend is from low to high,from weak to strong.