认知视域下北京话多义词的语义衍生机制研究

Research on the Semantic Derivative Mechanism of the Polysemy about Beijing Dialect from a Cognitive Perspective

北京话多义词的语义衍生机制以隐喻衍生为主,在隐喻衍生中以结构隐喻衍生为主,其次是实体隐喻衍生,方位隐喻衍生较少。北京话多义词的名动形三大词类的语义衍生机制具有同样的认知规律和特点,大体上都是遵循由源域为人们所熟悉的、易理解的、具体的概念衍生为目标域为人们所不熟悉的、抽象的概念。从认知的角度来看,北京话多义词义项间语义衍生认知路径的选择,很大程度上取决于认知源域中多义词本义的语义特征。不同词类的北京话多义词的词汇语义衍生发展的规律是一致的。

The semantic derivation mechanism of polysemy in Beijing dialect is mainly based on the metaphor,for which the structural metaphor is the main one,and the followings is the entity metaphor.And the orientation metaphor is less.The mechanism of semantic derivation of Beijing dialect polysemy with three parts of speech,namely noun,verb and adjective,has the same cognitive rules and characteristics.Generally,they follow the principle that the source domain is familiar,easy to be understood.The specific concept is derived from the unfamiliar and abstract concept of the target domain for the polysemy.From the cognitive views,the choice of cognitive path of semantic derivation between polysemy in Beijing dialect largely depends on the semantic characteristics of the original meaning of polysemy in the cognitive source domain.The rules of semantic derivation and development of polysemy in Beijing dialect are consistent.