神经根型颈椎病动物模型研究进展

Advances in animal models of cervical spondylotic radiculopathy

神经根型颈椎病(cervical spondylotic radiculopathy,CSR)是由颈椎小关节紊乱或颈椎间盘退行性改变而压迫神经根的一种疾病,典型症状表现为神经根支配区的颈肩部和上肢放射痛或麻木,严重影响着患者的生活质量。为深入研究该疾病病因病机、发展过程、健康防护和药物治疗等,正确地选择和建立符合疾病临床特征的动物模型是解决问题至关重要的环节之一。本文查询国内外相关文献报道,将CSR动物模型的制备归纳总结为单纯压迫模型(血管钳钳夹法、丝线结扎法、L形钢柱压迫法、硅胶片压迫法、自体骨压迫法、尼龙鱼线压迫法)、联合刺激模型(钳夹法联合铬制肠线压迫法、福尔马林定量滤纸刺激法、药物介导联合动静失衡法)和无创性干预模型(低头屈曲固定法)三类。将CSR动物模型制备进行总结概述,分析其特点和优劣势,以期为临床前研究选择适宜的动物模型和探索理想模型提供重要参考依据。

Cervical spondylotic radiculopathy(CSR)is a disease caused by cervical facet joint disorder or cervical disc degeneration,which compresses nerve roots.CSR is characterized by radiating pain or numbness in the cervical shoulder and upper limbs innervated by nerve roots and severely affects patients’quality of life.To further study the etiology,pathogenesis,developmental process,prevention,and drug treatment of the disease,the correct selection and establishment of animal models in line with the clinical characteristics of the disease are crucial.In the writing of this paper,relevant literature reports from China and abroad were consulted.The preparation of CSR animal models is summarized to include simple compression models(vascular forceps clamping method,wire ligation method,L⁃shaped steel column compression method,silica gel compression method,autologous bone compression method,and nylon fishing line compression method),combined stimulation models(clamping method and chrome intestinal wire compression method,formalin quantitative filter paper stimulation method,and drug⁃mediated and kinetic imbalance method),and a non⁃surgical intervention model(low head flexion fixation method).The preparation of CSR animal models is summarized,and their characteristics,advantages,and disadvantages are analyzed to provide an important reference for those selecting appropriate animal models for preclinical research.