星形胶质细胞外囊泡在缺血性脑卒中的保护作用

Protective effect of astrocyte extracellular vesicles against ischemic stroke

缺血性脑卒中是指各种脑血管病变所致脑部血液供应障碍,导致局部脑组织缺血、缺氧性坏死,而迅速出现相应神经功能缺损的一类临床综合征,对病人本身、其家庭和社会造成很大的负担。星形胶质细胞外囊泡中包含有细胞生长因子、蛋白质、miRNAs等多种成分,通过与内皮细胞受体结合、转移至神经元及被神经元摄取等方式参与脑细胞间通讯,促进脑缺血后神经发生、血管新生,对脑缺血后损伤的神经元有着保护作用,成为中枢神经系统疾病潜在的治疗和预防靶点。本文对星形胶质细胞外囊泡的内容物以及其对缺血性脑卒中的保护作用进行综述,以期为临床研究新的治疗策略提供理论依据。

Ischemic cerebral stroke is a clinical syndrome in which various cerebrovascular diseases cause blood supply disorders in the brain,leading to ischemia and hypoxic necrosis of local brain tissue and corresponding neurological deficits rapidly appear.Astrocyte extracellular vesicles contain various growth factors,proteins,and miRNAs.By participating in communication between brain cells by binding to endothelial cell receptors,transferring to neurons,and being taken up by neurons,astrocyte extracellular vesicles promote neurogenesis and angiogenesis after cerebral ischemia.Thus,astrocyte extracellular vesicles have a protective effect on neurons damaged after cerebral ischemia and are a potential target for treatment and prevention of central nervous system diseases.This article reviews the contents of astrocyte extracellular vesicles and their protective effects against ischemic stroke to provide a theoretical basis for clinical research of novel therapeutic strategies.