消解中国经验与西方理论的悖反--黄宗智学术自述

Practice and Theory:A 60 Year Exploration

《华北的小农经济与社会变迁》《长江三角洲小农家庭与乡村发展》二书确定了我的学术研究方法,即以翔实可靠的经验证据为基础,采纳多种理论传统的洞见。由这样的学术研究,我得出一个关键性认识,即中国的经验实际相对西方理论来说多是“悖论”的,于是我试图探寻、建构更符合中国实际的新概念,因之产生了如中国农业与农村史研究中的“没有发展的增长”“内卷化”“实用道德主义”,中国正义体系研究中的“实用道德主义”“实践社会科学”等新的关键词。沿着这样的认识思路,我提倡创建新型的“实践社会科学”的研究进路,即我们要从经验/实际/实践出发,而不是西方单一面向的古典自由主义经济学和意识形态的建构出发,来认识,不仅是中国,更是西方本身,由此来建立新型的、符合实际的实践社会科学研究和理论。

This article reflects on the author􀆳s own sense of problem and source of scholarly drive in 60 plus years of research,including a crucial emotional dimension,as well as a series of newly constructed key terms and words such as growth without development,involution,familization of agricultural production,new agriculture,practical moralism,informal mediation,social science of practice,and so on.The purpose is to explain my own experience to the younger generation of scholars,in the hopes that it may be of some use for them in their search.