沼液、化肥与秸秆配施对水稻产量和土壤细菌的调控影响

Effects of Biogas Slurry,Chemical Fertilizer and Straw on Rice Yield and Soil Bacteria

基于高通量测序平台Illumina Novaseq,分析了化肥组(CF)、秸秆还田结合化肥(S-CF)、秸秆还田结合沼液(S-BS)、沼液组(BS)等量氮素肥料处理和不施肥(CK)对土壤细菌群落结构及多样性的影响。结果表明:相较于CK,S-CF和S-BS处理的实际产量分别提高了16.40%、13.13%,试验组的主要优势菌门为变形菌门,其中γ-变形菌纲和α-变形菌纲为优势亚群,藤黄单胞菌属为优势属;相较于CK,BS、CF和S-BS处理的变形菌门及所含藤黄单胞菌属相对丰度升高,S-CF和S-BS处理的绿弯菌门比其他处理更高;S-CF、S-BS处理的土壤细菌Chao1指数和Shannon指数较CK更高,而BS处理则显著降低(P<0.05),说明沼液和化肥配施秸秆有利于提高细菌群落多样性,农田管理应该避免长期施用单一种类肥料。综上所述,沼液、化肥与秸秆配施均能达到保持水稻产量的效果,秸秆还田有利于提高土壤细菌群落的相对丰度和多样性。

Illumina Novaseq high-throughput sequencing technology was used to analyze the effects of fertilizer group(CF),straw returning combined with chemical fertilizer(S-CF),straw returning combined with biogas slurry(S-BS),biogas slurry group(BS)and no fertilizer(CK)on soil bacterial community structure and diversity.The results showed that the actual yield of S-CF and S-BS group was 16.40%and 13.13%higher than that of CK group.The dominant phyla in the groups was Proteobacteria,in whichγ-Proteobacteria andα-Proteobacteria were the dominant subgroups,and Luteimonas was the dominant genus.Compared with CK group,the relative abundance of Proteobacteria and its contained Luteimonas increased in the groups of BS,CF and S-BS.Chloroflexi in the S-CF and S-BS groups was higher than that in the others.The soil bacterial Chao1 and Shannon indexes of S-CF and S-BS were higher than those of CK,while BS was significantly lower(P<0.05).The combination of biogas slurry and chemical fertilizer with straw could improve the diversity of bacterial community,and long term application of single type fertilizer should be avoided in farmland management.In conclusion,biogas slurry or chemical fertilizer combined with straw could also maintain the yield of rice compared with chemical fertilizer group.At the same time,the treatment of straw returning to field was beneficial to increase the relative abundance and diversity of soil bacterial community.