试点治理的逻辑:一个分析框架及其应用

The Logic of Experimentalist Governance:An Analytical Framework and Its Application

试点是探索治理模式创新的重要路径,具有试验、扩散等多重治理逻辑,且因内嵌于国家行政体制而呈现出多层级治理结构的制度特征。试点制的试验逻辑体现在因地制宜、探索经验的试验阶段;扩散逻辑则在总结经验、复制应用的推广阶段。试点治理具有“机制-制度”的双重特征,多层级-分阶段治理模型旨在凸显试点中“中央-地方-基层”的多层级治理结构及其具体运作机制,其中,纵向呈现治理结构,横向隐含治理逻辑,互动过程由各类运作机制构成。凉山“学前学会普通话”行动试点可以作为验证该分析框架的案例。作为少数民族地区“推普脱贫”的典型,凉山“学前学会普通话”行动拥有“试点中试点”的完整治理过程,展现了试点治理背后的多重治理逻辑及相应的治理机制。试点治理也存在失败的风险,推广试点成功经验的有效性以非试点区的治理情景和治理资源为前提条件。

The experimentalist governance in China is essentially an approach to exploring the innovation in governance model, which implies multiple governance logics such as experiment and diffusion. It is characterized by a multi-level institutional governance structure because it is embedded in the state administrative system. The experimental logic is embodied in the experimental stage of exploring experiences of implementing new policies in selected areas, while the diffusion logic in the diffusion stage of implementing the new policies to broader areas.The model of multi-level and staged experimentalist governance highlights the dual characteristics of “mechanisminstitution” in the process of experimentalist governance, manifested as the central-local-grassroot architecture of governance and its specific interaction of multiple governments and their operating mechanisms. In this model, the governance structure is presented in vertical dimension, whereas the practice, diffusion and application logic in the horizontal dimension. Pre-school Mandarin Learning Initiative in Liangshan as a typical example of poverty alleviation in ethnic minority areas, presents the multiple governance logic and the unique governance mechanism in the process of experimentalist governance. However, there is also a risk of failure in experimentalist governance, and the effectiveness of diffusion stage is premised on the governance scenario and resources of the non-experimentalist areas.