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基于DNA条形码基因和核基因的美丽小条鳅隐存多样性研究

Cryptic diversity of Micronemacheilus pulcher based on DNA barcoding gene and nuclear gene
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摘要 为揭示华南地区美丽小条鳅(Micronemacheilus pulcher)的隐存多样性及其地理分布格局,同时为美丽小条鳅的精准管理和保护提供重要理论背景知识,本研究采集了华南地区多个水系19个地理群体共计102尾美丽小条鳅样本,测定了所有样本的DNA条形码标准基因(线粒体COI基因)与部分样本的糖基转移酶基因(Glyt基因),综合了系统发育分析、遗传距离估算、等位基因网状图分析、物种有效性界定等方法,基于COI基因的系统发育结果显示,美丽小条鳅存在两个主要谱系(I和Ⅱ),谱系Ⅰ主要由珠江水系、漠阳江水系、南流江水系群体构成,谱系Ⅱ由海南岛的陵水河水系和南渡江水系群体组成。另外,研究发现谱系Ⅰ可以细分为三个严格地理分布的子谱系(Ⅰ-1,Ⅰ-2和Ⅰ-3),其中子谱系Ⅰ-1由珠江水系的西江、北江和南流江水系的群体组成,子谱系Ⅰ-2和Ⅰ-3分别由珠江水系的东江群体和漠阳江水系群体组成;谱系Ⅱ可以分为子谱系Ⅱ-1和Ⅱ-2,分别由陵水河水系群体和南渡江水系群体组成。遗传距离估算发现谱系Ⅰ和Ⅱ之间的遗传距离达到5.83%,谱系Ⅱ的两个子谱系之间的遗传距离到达2.92%,大于2%的DNA条形码物种鉴定阈值。基于Glyt基因的系统发育分析未获得严格的谱系分化,但是等位基因网状图支持大陆群体和海南岛群体以及海南岛的陵水河水系群体和南渡江水系群体的进化独立性。基于COI基因的ABGD(automatic barcode gap discovery)和PTP(poisson tree process)分析和联合两个基因的BPP(bayesian phylogenetics and phylogeography)分析均支持谱系Ⅰ、子谱系Ⅱ-1和子谱系Ⅱ-2为三个独立物种,表明美丽小条鳅至少包含三个隐存种。研究结果表明美丽小条鳅的多样性可能被低估,亟需使用形态度量学、更高覆盖度的和多种类型的分子标记来全面系统揭示其隐藏的遗传多样性,为美丽小条鳅全面精准的管理保护提供数据支持。 This study collected 107 Micronemacheilus pulcher specimens from 19 geographic locations in multiple southern drainages and sequenced DNA barcodes standard gene(mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase I;COI)from overall samples and Glycosyltransferase gene(Glyt)from partial samples to reveal the cryptic diversity and its geographic distribution patterns of M.pulcher in the Southern China and to provide important background information for precise management and conservation of our target species.Multiple approaches were used,including phylogenetic analyses,genetic distance calculations,allele network and species delimitation analyses.Phylogenetic outcomes based on COI gene showed that two major clades(I andⅡ)were detected in M.pulcher populations.The members of Clade I contained populations from the Pearl River drainage,the Moyangjiang drainage and the Nanliujiang drainage,while CladeⅡ′s representatives comprised populations from the Lingshui drainage and the Nandujiang drainage in Hainan Island.Clade I could be divided into three subclades(Ⅰ-1,Ⅰ-2andⅠ-3)with strict geographic patterns.SubcladeⅠ-1 consisted of populations from the Xijiang River and Beijiang River within the Pearl River drainage and the Nanliujiang drainage.SubcladesⅠ-2 andⅠ-3 contained populations from the Dongjiang River within the Pearl River drainage and the Moyangjiang drainage,respectively.Furthermore,CladeⅡconsisted of two subclades(Ⅱ-1andⅡ-2)that corresponded to the Lingshui drainage and the Nandujiang drainage.Genetic distance calculations based on COI gene indicated the genetic distance between two major clades and between the subclades ofⅡ-1 andⅡ-2 reached 5.83%and 2.92%,respectively,which was more significant than the acknowledged species delimitation threshold value(2%).Concerning Glyt gene,phylogenetic analyses did not obtain the robust pattern of lineage split,but the allele network supported the evolutionary independence of Mainland populations and two Hainan Island populations.ABGD(automatic barcode gap discovery)and PTP(poisson tree process)analyses utilizing COI gene and BPP(bayesian phylogenetics and phylogeography)using both genes consistently supported the major Clade I and subclades ofⅡ-1 andⅡ-2 could be regarded as three putative species,supporting M.pulcher populations harbored three cryptic species at least.In sum,our results demonstrated that the genetic diversity of M.pulcherwas underestimated.Future studies including morphometrics,more significant sample coverage and more types of genetic loci should be imminently conducted and provide important scientific support for all-sided management and conservation of this species.
作者 高尚 向登高 李跃飞 李捷 陈蔚涛 GAO Shang;XIANG Deng-gao;LI Yue-fei;LI Jie;CHEN Wei-tao(Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences,Guangzhou 510380,China;College of Marine Ecology and Environment,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,China;College of Animal Science,Guizhou University,Guiyang 550025,China)
出处 《淡水渔业》 CSCD 北大核心 2023年第2期3-11,共9页 Freshwater Fisheries
基金 珠江渔业资源调查与评估创新团队项目(2020TD10/2020ZJTD-04)。
关键词 美丽小条鳅(Micronemacheilus pulcher) DNA条形码 COI Glyt 隐存种 Micronemacheilus pulcher DNA barcoding COI Glyt cryptic species
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