科研不端概念再审思

Rethinking the Concept of Research Misconduct

科学界定科研不端概念事关科研不端治理能否精准展开。通过政策考察、案例研究和逻辑语义学分析,发现国内外政策中的科研不端概念既存在内涵上的逻辑不严密问题,也不断遭受到新出现的外延和对外延扩大解释的冲击。由于现有科研不端概念存有难以调和的内涵和外延之间的矛盾,因此需要基于现实需求和语义学规范对概念予以立体重构。导致科研不端发生的原因是科研不端内涵的本体,造成了或将要造成某种不利后果是科研不端外延的本质,两者在科研人员学术自由权的维度内得以统一。将“不正当行使学术自由权”作为属,将“不构成犯罪”作为种差,可以构建出“属-内涵——种差-外延”相对应的科研不端概念。

The scientific definition of the concept of research misconduct is related to whether the governance of research misconduct can be carried out ac-curately.Through policy investigation,case study and logical semantic analysis,this paper finds that the concept of research misconduct in domestic and foreign policies not only has the problem of loose logic in intension,but also continues to suffer from the impact of new extension and expanded interpreta-tion of extension.Due to the contradiction between intension and extension of the existing concept of research misconduct,it is necessary to reconstruct the concept based on practical needs and semantic norms.The reason for the occurrence of research misconduct is the noumenon of the intension of research misconduct,which has caused or will cause some adverse consequences is the essence of the extension of research misconduct,and the two are unified in the dimension of researchers'academic freedom.Taking"improper exercise of academic freedom"as a genus and"not constituting a crime"as a species difference,we can construct the concept of scientific research misconduct corresponding to“genus-intension-specific difference-extension”.