黑龙江省农户及农业从业人员秸秆综合利用方式影响因素分析

Analysis on Influencing Fctors of Straw Comprehensive Utilization among Farmers and Agricultural Practitioners in Heilongjiang Province

秸秆是重要的可再生物质资源。随着社会经济发展和生产水平的进步,液化气、天然气等逐渐普及,大量闲置的秸秆被露天焚烧,不仅资源浪费,还对环境造成了严重污染。基于对黑龙江省农户及农业从业人员的实地调研数据,采用无序多分类Logistic回归模型,对其选择不同秸秆处理方式的影响因素进行分析。结果表明:(1)个体特征因素方面,受教育程度、家庭人均耕地面积均显著影响秸秆综合利用方式的选择,受教育程度越高或家庭人均耕地面积越大,农户及农业从业人员越倾向于选择秸秆综合利用方式;年龄显著负向影响农户及农业从业人员选择废弃或其他秸秆处理方式,相较于废弃或其他处理方式,年龄越大的农户及农业从业人员选择焚烧秸秆意愿越强烈。(2)村委会指导监督因素方面,村委会具体指定秸秆处理方式显著正向影响农户及农业从业人员的秸秆综合利用方式的选择,村委会具体指定秸秆处理方式后,农户及农业从业人员选择秸秆综合化利用的意愿越强烈;村委会禁焚监管力度显著影响农户及农业从业人员选择除秸秆饲料化利用处理方式之外的其他3种处理方式,不严格监督会导致其露天焚烧意愿更加强烈。(3)政策环境因素方面,政策补贴力度显著正向影响农户及农业从业人员选择秸秆能源化利用方式,补贴力度越大,其选择能源化利用方式的意愿越强烈。提出注重秸秆综合利用政策宣传推广的科学化,强化村委会的指导监督作用,加强对民企双方补贴政策的细化,加大秸秆回收利用科研投入的对策建议。

Straw is an important renewable material resource.With the development of social economy and the progress of production level,liquefied gas and natural gas are gradually popularized.A large number of idle straw is burned in the open air,which not only causes the waste of resources,but also causes serious pollution to the environment.Based on the field survey data of farmers and agricultural practitioners in Heilongjiang Province,the factors influencing their selection of different straw treatment methods were analyzed using a random multiple classification logistic regression model.The results showed that:(1)In terms of individual characteristics,education level and per capita cultivated land area of households significantly affected the selection of straw comprehensive utilization methods.The higher the education level or the larger the per capita cultivated land area of households,the more likely farmers and agricultural practitioners were to choose straw comprehensive utilization methods.Age significantly negatively affected farmers and agricultural practitioners’choice of waste or other straw treatment methods.Compared to waste or other treatment methods,older farmers and agricultural practitioners had a stronger willingness to burn straw.(2)Regarding the guidance and supervision factors of village committees,the specific straw treatment methods designated by village committees had a significant positive impact on the selection of straw comprehensive utilization methods by farmers and agricultural practitioners.After the specific straw treatment methods were designated by village committees,the willingness of farmers and agricultural prac titioners to choose straw comprehensive utilization was stronger.The intensity of the village committee’s ban on incineration significantly affected farmers and agricultural practitioners’choice of three treatment methods other than straw feed utilization.Lack of strict supervision will lead to a stronger willingness to burn in the open air.(3)In terms of policy and environmental factors,policy subsidies had a significant positive impact on farmers and agricultural practitioners’choice of straw energy utilization methods.The greater the subsidies,the stronger their willingness to choose energy utilization methods.The countermeasures and suggestions were put forward to focus on the scientific promotion of straw comprehensive utilization policies,strengthen the guidance and super vision role of village committees,strengthen the refinement of subsidy policies for both private enterprises,and increase scientific research investment in straw recycling.