血液肿瘤患者化疗相关性口腔黏膜炎的护理研究进展

Research progress of chemotherapy-induced oral mucositis in patients with hematological tumors

对血液肿瘤患者化疗相关性口腔黏膜炎的危险因素和预防措施进行综述,危险因素包括个体因素、吸烟、口腔环境、口腔清洁度、血常规和肝肾功能检查结果、肿瘤类型、化疗药物种类及使用方法,预防口腔黏膜炎发生的措施包括化疗前口腔检查与清洗、有效刷牙与漱口、选择合适的漱口液、采用口腔冷冻疗法和低强度激光治疗、健康教育,今后可建立口腔黏膜炎的风险预测模型,以识别高风险人群,并采用多学科联动及综合性护理干预,以有效防治口腔黏膜炎发生。

This paper reviews the risk factors and preventive measures ofchemotherapy-induced oral mucositis in patients with hematological tumors.The proposed risk factors include individual factors,smoking,oral environment,oral cleanliness,blood routine index,liver and kidney function,tumor types,types of chemotherapy drugs and methods used.The measures to prevent oral mucositis include oral examination and oral cleaning before chemotherapy,effective brushing and gargling,right mouthwash,oral cryotherapy and low level intensity laser treatment,and health education.In the future,the risk prediction model of oral mucositis could be established to identify high-risk population.In order to reduce the incidence of oral mucositis,multidisciplinary cooperation and multiple preventive measures for comprehensive nursing intervention shuoud be adopted.