壬基酚异构体的组成、环境行为及毒性效应研究进展

Composition,Isomer-specific Occurrences,Environmental Fate and Toxicity of Nonylphenols:A Review

壬基酚(NPs)是一类典型的环境内分泌干扰物,具有较强的亲脂性,在土壤及沉积物等环境介质中难降解,并在生物体内具有蓄积性和高毒性,被列入我国“十四五”新污染物管控名单。NPs理论上存在211种同分异构体,而工业品NPs则是由50~80种同分异构体组成的混合物。已有充分证据显示NPs的环境行为及毒性效应呈异构体特异性差异,因此,必须从异构体分子水平上厘清NPs的环境行为、人体暴露及潜在毒性效应等,从而更精准地评估及预测其生态与健康风险。本文归纳了近些年国内外学者针对NPs同分异构体理化性质、工业品组成特征、环境行为及潜在的毒性效应等方面的研究进展,并对当前研究的瓶颈进行了梳理,展望了今后的主要研究方向。

Nonylphenols(NPs)is a toxic xenobiotic compound,which is identified as an environmental endocrine disruptor.Due to its lipophilicity,NPs can easily sorb onto soils and sediments,and persist in the environment for long time.NPs accumulate in various organs and pose toxic effects on organisms.It has been listed as new pollutant under“China’s 14th Five-Year Plan”,with strict usage prohibition.Theoretically,technical nonylphenol consists of a mixture of 211 possible constitutional isomers with a varied and undefined degree of branching in the alkyl group,among them about 50~80 individual isomers have been identified in technical mixtures.There is sufficient scientific evidence that the toxicological effects(estrogenic activity),as well as the environmental behavior(degradation and accumulation)of isomers can vary.Therefore,it is necessary to consider the nonylphenol problem from an isomer-specific viewpoint in environmental,exposure,and health studies,which can serve as a fundament for its accurate assessment and prediction of potential health risks.In the present review,the recent advancements and future trends on the isomer composition,isomer-specific occurrences,environmental fate,and toxicity of nonylphenols were summarized.The perspectives and challenges are identified for future studies.