流域视角下旅游地协同演化过程与机制——以新安江流域为例

Processes and mechanisms of synergistic evolution of tourism destinations from a river basin perspective:The case of Xin’an River Basin

流域范围内旅游地之间的协同演化是一个复杂适应过程,其复杂性在外部环境快速变迁的情境下显著加剧。本研究基于协同理论和复杂适应系统理论,以新安江流域为案例地探讨旅游地演化过程与协同演化机制。结果表明:新安江流域的旅游地协同演化可划分为4个阶段,分别为系统起步期(1978—1988年)、系统发育期(1989—2004年)、协同发展期(2005—2013年)以及调整优化期(2014年至今)。流域范围内的旅游地协同演化存在微观、中观、宏观3个尺度的共同作用:(1)微观层面,旅游地主体的自适应行为不断适应外部环境变化,表征为管理运营、市场营销、产品创新等方面的模式分异;(2)中观层面,外部牵引力、原始动力、创新动力、支撑力量等共同推动系统的整体演化进程;(3)宏观层面,流域旅游地系统反映出从简单到复杂、混沌到有序、独立到集群的非线性演化特征。本研究结论可为流域范围内旅游地发展提供决策参考。

The synergistic evolution of tourism destinations within the basin is a complex adaptive system that is significantly intensified in the context of rapid changes of the external environment. Based on synergy theory and complex adaptive systems theory, this paper explores the evolutionary processes and mechanisms in the Xin’an River Basin as a case study. The results show that the synergistic evolution of tourism destinations in the Xin’an River Basin can be divided into four stages, including the period of system initiation(1978—1988), system development(1989—2004), synergistic development(2005—2013), adjustment and optimization(2014—present). Synergistic evolution of tourism destinations in the basin function can be identified into micro, meso and macro scales.(1) At the micro scale, selfadaptive behavior of destination entities align with the changes of external environment, and showing differences in management, marketing and innovation.(2) At the meso scale, external traction, original dynamics, innovation dynamics together with supporting forces drive the overall evolutionary process of the system.(3) At the macro scale, tourism destination system in river basin area reflects a non-linear evolution from simplicity to complexity, chaos to order,and independence to clustering. The findings of this paper provide decision-making guidance for optimizing tourism development policies in the basin.