大城市特色街区土地利用空间格局演变及驱动机制研究——以武汉市楚河汉街为例

Spatial pattern evolution and driving mechanism of characteristic blocks in big cities:A case study of Chu River Han Street

大城市特色街区作为一种新的城市空间形态和街区经济模式,研究其土地利用空间格局的演变和驱动机制,对城市空间结构的优化具有重要指导意义。本研究以武汉市特色街区楚河汉街为例,基于GIS空间分析技术,采用土地利用变化指数模型分析其自2011年开放以来的土地利用空间格局演变过程,进而揭示其驱动机制。研究发现:(1)2011—2021年楚河汉街土地利用变化与转化呈现出快速到平稳的发展特征,商服、交通、旅游和水域用地持续扩张,绿地等用地不断缩减,已形成“四横四纵”的道路布局、“两湖一河”的水域布局以及“四区一轴带”的旅游用地格局;(2)楚河汉街功能格局已由居住功能为主导向购物餐饮、休闲娱乐、文化体验及高级居住空间于一体的综合服务功能辐射,形成了以文化旅游区为核心、公共服务区为外围的空间布局模式。(3)楚河汉街作为典型的景观再造型街区,其土地利用空间格局演变是大城市功能结构优化背景下人地关系相互作用的结果,在资源禀赋、区位优势、旅游市场需求和政府政策导向等内外因素共同推动下,已成为具有产业集聚和辐射效应的城市旅游综合体。(4)与传统的保护类历史街区相比,景观再造型街区对周边区域的带动强度大,吸纳并凸显更多可观可游的城市特色,土地格局演变受历史环境的影响较小,两类街区的发展均无法脱离所依托的空间载体(土地)以及空间格局。

Characteristic block in big cities is a new urban spatial pattern and block economy model. Studying the evolution and driving mechanism of land use spatial pattern of characteristic blocks has important guiding significance to the optimization of urban spatial structure. This paper takes Chu River Han Street, Wuhan as an example, applies land use change index model and GIS analysis technology to examine its land use evolution process since its opening in 2011. This study also tries to reveal the mechanism. The results show that:(1) From 2011 to 2021, the change and transformation of land use in Chu River Han Street showed“rapid-to-stable”development. The land use for commercial services, transportation,tourism, and water area continued to expand. The land use for green space and other land continued to shrink. A road layout of“4 horizontals and 4 verticals”, a water area layout of“2lakes and 1 river”, and a tourism land use pattern of“4 districts and 1 axis”were formed.(2) The functional pattern of Chu River Han Street has transformed from residential function to comprehensive service function including shopping, catering, leisure and entertainment,cultural experience, and senior living space, forming a spatial layout model with cultural tourism area as the core and public service area as the periphery.(3) As a typical landscape remodeled block, the evolution of land use spatial pattern of Chu River Han Street is the result of the interaction between human and land under the background of the optimization of the functional structure of big cities. Driven by internal and external factors such as resource endowment, location advantage, tourism market demand, and government policy guidance, it has become an urban tourism complex with industrial agglomeration and radiation effect.(4) Compared with traditional preserved historical blocks, landscape remodeled blocks have strong effects on promoting the surrounding areas, reflect more urban characteristics for viewing, and the evolution of land pattern is less affected by the historical environment. The development of the two types of blocks cannot be separated from the spatial carrier(land) and spatial pattern.