高等教育评价的五唯泛化:痼疾朔源与价值重塑--学术功利主义的理性反思

“Five Only”Generalizations of Higher Education Evaluation:the Origin of Chronic Diseases and the Reconstruction of Value

科学合理的评价机制是高等教育良性发展的重要保障,当前高等教育评价过程中的五唯泛化实质上是学术功利主义的异化现象,突出表现为评价主体的行政化、指标的单一化、方式的外部化与标准的数量化。五唯泛化所导致的学术弊病本质是对学术功利主义的过度解释,学术功利主义的泛化、伪化与强化过程又进一步导致了学术生命的弱化,加剧学术生产的内耗,致使学术资源的配置失衡。作为高等教育评价机制革新的主要方向,“破五唯”也是对学术功利主义的理性反思过程,其关键在于构建多元化的评价主体,发展多维化的评价指标体系,建立人本化的评价方式,制定灵活性更强的评价标准,以引导高等教育重塑其在人才培养、科学探索与社会服务中的本位价值。

A scientific and reasonable evaluation mechanism is an important guarantee for the healthy development of higher education.The five only generalization in the process of current higher education evaluation is essentially the alienation of academic utilitarianism,which is mainly manifested in the administration of the evaluation subject,the simplification of indicators,the extermalization of methods and the quantification of standards.The essence of the academic malady caused by the generalization of“five only”is the excessive explanation of academic utilitarianism.The generalization,falsification and strengthening of academic utilitarianism further lead to the weakening of the academic life,aggravating the internal friction of academic production,and thus resulting in the imbalance of the allocation of academic resources.As the main direction of the innovation of higher education evaluation mechanism,“breaking the five only”is also a rational reflection process of academic utilitarianism.The key lies in the construction of diversified evaluation subjects,the development of multidimensional evaluation index system,the establishment of humanistic evaluation methods,and the formulation of more flexible evaluation standards,so as to guide higher education to reshape its role in talent cultivation,scientific exploration and social development the standard value in service.