农业产业化过程中的技能重组与小农主体性建构——基于M村制茶产业变迁的过程分析

Skill Reorganization and Construction of Small Farmer Subjectivity in the Process of Agricultural Industrialization:Analysis of the Process Based on the Change of Tea Making Industry in Village M

在农业产业化过程中,“公司+农户”模式将标准化生产机制导入茶叶生产的劳动过程,引发制茶技能重组。在栽培采摘环节,茶农技能因外部赋能升级为被认可的规范技能,茶叶量质和农民收入均得到提高;而在鲜叶收购、茶叶炒制、成品销售等环节,技能控制权则从农民手中转移到下乡资本那里,茶农技能遭遇降级和替代。茶农及其制茶技能的双重标准化在乡村场景中交汇互动,成为影响茶叶产业化效果的实践逻辑。提升农民技能,建构农民主体性,才能让农民真正享受产业发展、农业转型的利好。

In the process of agricultural industrialization,the“company+farmer”model introduces the standardized industrial production mechanism into the labor process of tea production,triggering the reorganization of tea-making skills.In the cultivation and picking process,the tea farmers'skills are upgraded to recognized standardized skills due to external empowerment,and the quality of tea and farmers'income are improved;while in the links of fresh leaf acquisition,tea frying and finished product sales,the skills control is transferred from the farmers to the rural capital,and the tea farmers'skills are downgraded and replaced.The dual standardization of tea farmers and their tea-making skills intersect and interact in the rural scene,becoming a practical logic that affects the effect of tea industrialization.Upgrading farmers'skills and constructing farmers'subjectivity will enable farmers to truly enjoy the benefits of industrial development and agricultural traneformation.