濒危语言数字博物馆建设综论

The Building of Digital Museum for Endangered Languages

科学保护各民族语言文字是我国的基本语言政策。应对语言濒危问题的策略是持续采集和记录语言资料,建立语言数字博物馆保存数据和提供服务。语言数字博物馆比之于实体的语言博物馆,具有易扩展、更新快、传播广、易携带、低投入等优势。濒危语言数据馆藏资源应系统、充分和实用,要制定馆藏语言数据资料的采录、加工、集成、分类、存储和使用的规则、规范和标准,以语言社群知识—交际为核心,采录濒危语言活态样本,应简化数据资料的采集和处理,走个人自主数据采集建库、博物馆承担集成和服务的语言数据资源建设之路。

Scientific protection of all ethnic languages and scripts is a basic language policy of China.One of the strategies to deal with language endangerment is to collect and record language data continuously,and to build a digital language museum to preserve data and provide certain services.Compared with a physical language museum,a digital one has the advantages of easy expansion,quick updating,broad dissemination,easy portability and low cost.The endangered language data collection should be systematic,sufficient and practical.Regulations and norms should be developed for the collection,processing,integration,classification,storage and use of endangered language data.It is crucial to collect endangered language data from language communities’ traditional knowledge and communication.The collecting and processing of endangered language data should be done by community members using simple software tools,and the museum should be responsible for data mining and service provision.