秦汉时人视阈中的犬

Dogs in the Mind of People during the Qin and Han Dynasties

犬与狗,同实异名。犬分为田犬、吠犬、食犬3类,在秦汉社会生活中扮演着重要角色。犬是秦汉时期祭祀的牺牲之一,祭门、祭行等皆用犬。犬还参与到巫术等神秘文化之中。“犬祸”与人间灾难密切相关,从而渗透到政治生活之中。汉代画像中有很多犬形象,不仅现实生活画面中有犬,神仙世界中亦出现犬形象,这是汉代人将犬神圣化的结果。

In the Qin and Han period,in terms of function,there were three types of dogs,namely,hound dog,guard dog,and food dog.All of them played important roles in people’s daily life.The dogs were also used as religious sacrifices and involved in witchcraft and other mystical customs.Dogs may cause incidents in human lives and some of this type of incidents played roles in political contradictions.There are many dog images in the arts of the Han dynasty,including those related to daily life and those related to the other world which were resulted from the religious imagination of the Han people.