中日汉籍出版中的“鳌头本”

A Study of the Aotou Style Books in Chinese Published in China and Japan

明代万历年间,在福建、江南地区的民间书坊中兴起一种特殊的“上栏鳌头”出版形式,在民间日用类书、医书、字书等书籍出版中风靡一时,但不久后却因为书坊间的模仿与无序竞争走向消亡。这种在中国昙花一现的书籍文化于17世纪东传日本,被改造成符合日本传统汉籍阅读习惯的“内中国(经典),外日本(注释)”的样式,得到了汉学家和书肆的广泛接受与模仿,又因为便于汉学家将自己的授课讲义依附于汉籍文本传播,在江户时代后期产生了大量衍生的“鳌头注”,随后引发了“犹虱着衣”的嘲讽,这种矛盾真实地反映了汉籍文化在域外传播的复杂性。近代以降,“上栏鳌头”这一版刻形式又被重新利用,成为日本国民接受近代启蒙教育的新形式,古老的东亚汉籍文化适应了近代出版节奏。

During the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty,a specially designed type of book called aotou(鳌头)books appeared in Fujian and Jiangnan areas.It flourished in the publication of household reference manuals,medical books,and dictionaries.It soon disappeared due to vicious competition among the publishing houses.Fortunately,this culture spread to Japan in the 17th century and was widely accepted and imitated by the Japanese sinologists and publishing houses.By late 19th century,the aotou style books became popular once again as a vehicle for Japanese people to receive Enlightenment education.Traditional East Asian book culture adapted to the rhythm of modern publication.