肺部超声在儿童肺炎诊疗中的应用进展

Progress of lung ultrasound in the diagnosis and treatment of pneumonia in children

肺部超声技术具有实时成像、无电离辐射、简单易学、低成本、无需镇静、灵敏度和特异度高等优点,易在床旁进行,适合动态随访,逐渐成为肺部疾病诊断的重要工具之一,临床应用日益广泛。近年来,肺部超声在儿童肺炎诊断和评估中的应用报道逐渐增多,但仍有一些问题尚未达成共识。笔者总结了儿童肺部超声检查方法和常见征象以及肺部超声在儿童感染性肺炎的诊断、判断儿童肺炎病因、严重度等方面的价值。本文就肺部超声在儿童肺炎诊断、病因学鉴别、严重度判断、预后随访中应用进展做一综述,提高临床医师对该技术的认识,促进该技术的应用发展。

Lung ultrasound has advantages of real-time imaging,no radiation risk,relatively low costs,no need for a sedative,high sensitivity and specificity,bedside availability,easy to learn,suitable for dynamic follow-up,therefore it has gradually become one of the important tools and achieved increasingly wide application in the clinical diagnosis of lung diseases.In recent years,more and more literatures have been found on the application of lung ultrasound in the diagnosis and evaluation of pneumonia in children,but agreement has not yet reached on some issues.The author summarizes the methods and common signs of lung ultrasound,and its value in the diagnosis,etiological differentiation and severity judgment of infective pneumonia in children.This article reviews the progress of the application of lung ultrasound in the diagnosis,etiological differentiation,severity judgment and prognosis follow-up of pneumonia in children,so as to improve clinicians'understanding of this technique for further application and development.