贵州乌江流域传统村落植物多样性与稳定性研究

Species Diversity and Community Stability of Traditional Villages in Wujiang River Basin of Guizhou Province

以贵州乌江流域中下游传统村落植物群落为研究对象,为传统村落植物群落的演替、恢复与保护发展提供科学依据。基于野外实地调查,采用α多样性指数、M.Godron法分别测定其物种多样性、稳定性及相关关系。结果如下:(1)本次调查共记录到植物781种,按植物生活型划分,共有乔木57科112属171种,灌木49科93属189种,草本92科261属407种。(2)植被等级从高到低依次为乔木层、灌木层、草本层;植被群落物种多样性于庭院和宅旁较高,林地和种植区较低;群落整体稳定性于种植区和河道较高,于祭祀区、道路较差。(3)生活空间的物种多样性大于自然生态和生产空间,且3种空间群落稳定性存在显著差异。乌江流域传统村落植物丰富度高,种间和种内竞争大,村落群落演替度低,整体稳定性较差。只有结合传统空间的功能特性,优化植物群落结构数量,进行适度的人为修缮与管理,才能在最大程度满足人民生产、生活需求的情况下,保护传统村落植物群落。

To study species diversity and community stability of traditional villages in the Wujiang River basin of Guizhou Province,and to provide scientific basis for the succession,restoration,protection and development of the traditional village plant communities.Based on the field investigation,α index were used to assess the community biodiversity,and the M.Godron stability determination and principal component method were used to evaluate stability.A total of 781 plant species were recorded in this survey.The results were as follows:(1) According to the plant life type,there were 171 species in 112 genera of 57 families of trees,189 species in 93 genera of 49 families of shrubs,and 407 species in 261 genera of 92 families of herbs.(2) From high to low,the vegetation level was tree layer,shrub layer and herb layer.(3) The species diversity of living space was greater than that of natural ecology and production space,and the stability of the three spatial communities was significantly different.The protection and development of traditional village plant communities in Wujiang River basin should not only combine the functional characteristics of traditional space,but also carry out moderate artificial repair and management of plant communities.