广东高州油茶传粉昆虫多样性异地比较分析

Pollinator diversity and regional differences of Camellia gauchowensis Chang lands in Guangdong

高州油茶(Camellia gauchowensis Chang)是南缘木本油料物种,具有重要的经济和生态价值.该种高度自交不亲和,异花授粉和结实严重依赖传粉昆虫,但迄今为止,其在广东地区的传粉昆虫多样性缺乏系统研究.本研究在粤西、北、中和东各选择一试验点,开展高州油茶昆虫传粉观测和人工补充授粉试验.结果共记录广东高州油茶传粉昆虫有4目12科25种,物种组成存在明显的地域性差异:旺沙试验点(粤西)传粉昆虫主要为油茶地蜂(Andrena camellia Wu),小坑(粤北)传粉昆虫主要为黑盾胡蜂(Vespa bicolor Fabricius),龙洞(粤中)和白塔(粤东)主要传粉昆虫均为中华蜜蜂(Apis cerana Fabricius).传粉昆虫多样性和高州油茶坐果率从高到低的点均依次为小坑>旺沙>龙洞>白塔.广东高州油茶结实率受授粉量影响严重,4个点补充授粉的坐果率都高于自然对照,且补充授粉的结籽数和果实大小都优于自然对照.本研究揭示了广东高州油茶传粉昆虫多样性和地域差异,以及传粉对坐果的影响,为广东高州油茶授粉实践提供理论依据和数据支撑.

Camellia gauchowensis Chang is a woody oil crop with great economic,ecological value,and high degree of inbred incompatibility,cross-pollination and fruiting rely heavily on pollinators.However,systematic research on the pollinator diversity and fruit setting efficiency of C.gauchowensis was lack in Guangdong.In this study,4 sites in western,northern,central and eastern of Guangdong were selected to carry out pollination observation and artificial supplementary pollination experiments.A total of 25 species in 4 orders 12 families were record as pollinators of C.gauchowensis in Guangdong,and there were obvious regional differences.The main pollinator at Wangsha(western Guangdong)was the Andrena camellia Wu,Xiaokeng(northern Guangdong)was Vespa bicolor Fabricius,Longdong(central Guangdong)and Baita(eastern Guangdong)was Apis cerana Fabricius.Pollinator diversity and fruit setting rate,from high to low,were Xiaokeng>Wangsha>Longdong>Baita.The fruit setting rate of supplemental pollination was higher than that of natural control at all 4 sites,pollen limitation of C.gauchowensis was common.Moreover,the fruits by supplemental pollination had bigger size and more seeds per fruit.The study demonstrated the pollinator diversity and regional differences of C.gauchowensis lands in Guangdong and explored the effects of pollination on fruit set,providing theoretical basis and data support for the production practice of C.gauchowensis lands in Guangdong.