代际滞差与文化堕距:一位民间拳师习武传武的口述史研究

Intergenerational Disparity and Cultural Lag:An Oral History Study of Learning and Inheriting Martial Arts of a Folk Boxer

学界对于传统武术代际传承困境已从传承人、传承内容、传承途径和传承方式等方面进行了大量的研究,但较少从个体应对“代际关系”危机的主体性角度出发,把愈发严重的代际断裂问题放置到宏观社会模式变迁中予以思考。采用口述史研究方法,在代际关系的“三喻文化”理论分析框架下,对以张功良为代表的传统武术传承人在面对社会模式变迁时习武传武的主体性应对展开研究。研究发现:随着时代变迁,张功良等老一辈民间武术家会相应地做出自我调适,以使习武传武的外显形式更契合时代的需求。但由于传统武术前喻式内核依然较难发生改变,使得武术内核与武术传承在当代并喻、后喻文化模式下的代际关系与社会的快速转型之间形成了代际滞差,进而导致武术代际与社会代际之间的文化堕距。

There have been lots of researches on the difficulties of intergenerational inheritance of the traditional martial arts from the perspective of the inheritors,inheritance contents,inheritance channels and methods.However,few researches have been done into intergenerational fracture during the changes of micrographic social pattern,from the perspective of the subjectivity of individuals to deal with the crisis of“intergenerational relations”.Based on research methods of oral history,this paper studied what traditional martial arts successors,represented by Mr.Zhang Gongliang,had been doing when they were encountered with the changes of intergenerational relations and its social logic on the analysis framework of“three models of figurative culture”of intergenerational relations.It was found that with the changes of the times,the inheritors of the traditional martial arts often made self-adjustment so as to adjust the explicit forms of studying and inheriting martial arts to the requirement of the times.While its metaphorical content was difficult to change,intergenerational disparity between intergenerational relationships of martial arts formed in the contemporary metaphorical and post-metaphorical cultural atmosphere.The rapid transformation of contemporary society resulted in the cultural differences in the martial arts inheritance.To solve the problems,key events should be seized,cultural consciousness and identity should be reinforced,innovation of traditional sports should be encouraged,and traditional sports heroes would be born.