城市重要货运走廊污染物排放及人群暴露研究

Air Pollutant Emission and Population Exposure of Important Urban Freight Corridor

近年来随着电子商务和物流全球化的快速发展,货运需求不断增长,导致各种污染物的排放也显著增加,这会严重影响附近居民的生活质量。为了量化这种影响,建立了货车污染物排放造成的人群暴露的计算方法。通过本地化后的MOVES(Motor Vehicle Emission Simulator)模型对上海市外高桥区域路段级别的货车PM10、PM2.5和NOx单车排放因子进行估算,并计算路段的污染物排放量。之后通过手机信令数据识别不同时段人群在研究区域的聚集特征,通过单箱式模型计算吸入因子并计算污染物单位排放量所造成的一段时间中污染物人群暴露量,从而量化外高桥地区货车污染物排放造成的健康影响。研究发现:暴露与货车流量和人群密度呈正相关;快速路附近的暴露程度大于城市道路附近。此外,外高桥区域多户和较旧的房屋结构比例较高,导致室内暴露程度高于室外暴露程度。

With the significant increase of e-commerce and globalized logistics,the growing demand for freight transportation demand has led to a significant increase in the emission of various pollutants,which will impact on the residents'living condition nearby seriously.In order to quantify the impact,a calculation method is proposed for population exposure.PM10,PM2.5,and NOx emission factors of the Shanghai Waigaoqiao area are estimated by the localized MOVES model,and the emissions of the road section is calculated.Then mobile phone signaling datas are used to identify the gathering characteristics and processes of people in the study area at different time,and the inhalation of people exposed to pollutants are calculated in a specific time period caused by the unit emission through a single-box model,so as to evaluate the health effects caused by the discharge of freight pollutants in the region.Finally,it founds that a positive correlation between exposure and flow and population density.Exposure nearby the expressway is larger than that nearby the urban road.Besides,because of the high ratio of multi-room and old house,the probability of indoor exposure is likely higher than outdoor exposure.