镁基储氢材料水解制氢研究进展

Progress in Hydrolysis of Magnesium-Based Hydrogen Storage Materials for Hydrogen Production

化石能源的广泛使用使得地球上出现了严重的温室效应和空气污染,且化石能源的储量也逐步下降,造成的能源危机日益严重。为了应对这些挑战,人们开始着力寻找清洁无污染的高效可再生能源。氢能因具有超高的燃烧热及零排放的特点而被认为是最理想的清洁能源。镁基储氢材料因具有高的质量储氢密度,且因镁的地壳含量高、成本低等优点而备受关注。镁基储氢材料水解可以产生高纯度的氢,而且副产物对环境无污染,因此被认为是最有应用前景的制氢方式之一。纯Mg和MgH_(2)水解可以分别产生6.4%和3.4%(质量分数)的H_(2),但镁基储氢材料水解反应产生难溶于水的Mg(OH)_(2),导致其反应动力学缓慢。近年来,通过将金属、金属氢化物与镁基储氢材料进行复合或者在水解反应时添加酸和无机盐等手段有效提高了氢产率和反应动力学性能。综述了镁基储氢材料水解制氢的最新研究进展,并对其未来的发展提出了展望。

The widespread use of fossil energy has caused serious greenhouse effect and air pollution on the earth.Moreover,the reserves of fossil energy have gradually declined,resulting in an increasingly serious energy crisis.In response to these crises,people have begun to look for the clean,pollution-free and efficient renewable energy.Hydrogen energy is considered to be the most ideal clean energy owing to its unique high combustion heat and zero emissions.Magnesium-based hydrogen storage materials have attracted much attention due to their high mass hydrogen storage density,and high crustal reserves and low cost of Mg,and the hydrolysis of magnesium-based hydrogen storage materials can produce hydrogen with a high theoretical capacity,and the produced by-products are environmental pollution-free.Therefore,it is considered as one of the most promising hydrogen production methods.In particular,the hydrolysis of pure Mg and MgH_(2)can yield 6.4wt%and 3.4wt%H_(2),respectively.However,the hydrolysis reaction of magnesium-based hydrogen storage materials produces Mg(OH)_(2),resulting in slow reaction kinetics.In recent years,the covering problem of Mg(OH)_(2)is investigated and solved by compounding metals,metal hydrides and magnesium-based hydrogen storage materials or adding acids and inorganic salts during the hydrolysis reaction.In this paper,the latest research progress of the hydrolysis of magnesium-based hydrogen storage materials is reviewed,and its future development is prospected.