当代俄国保守主义研究:价值、现状与方向

Research on Contemporary Russian Conservatism:Value,Current Situation and Direction

学术界对俄国保守主义的关注和考察始于俄罗斯帝国后期的自由主义者和社会民主派,至今已有一个半世纪的历史。俄国保守主义是俄罗斯帝国后期民族精英的主流政治思想和民间社会的主导政治理论,具有很强的沉淀性和穿透力,一直影响到现代俄罗斯人。俄国保守主义强调民族传统文化的特殊性以反对西方文明的普世性,坚持俄国历史进程的连续性以反对社会变革的断裂性,这种对俄罗斯民族特殊性和俄罗斯文化连续性的青睐是俄国保守主义理论的基本内核。当前,俄国保守主义研究由分散性考察向整体性研究缓慢过渡,跨学科综合研究和比较研究成为考察俄国保守主义的一个发展趋势。但俄国保守主义理论内核的模糊性、俄国保守主义主要思想家和经典作品研究的片面性、俄国保守主义研究的断裂性以及学术界对某些重要主题关注的缺失等,是当代俄国保守主义研究存在的主要问题。

The attention and investigation of Russian conservatism in the academic circle began with the liberalists and social democrats in the later stage of the Russian Empire,and has a history of one and a half centuries.Russian conservatism is the mainstream political thought of the national elite and the leading political theory of the civil society in the later stage of the Russian Empire.It has a strong influence until the modern Russians.Russian conservatism emphasizes the particularity of national traditional culture to oppose the universality of western civilization,and insists on the continuity of Russian historical process to oppose the rupture of social change.This preference for the particularity of Russian nation and the continuity of Russian culture is the basic core of Russian conservatism theory.At present,the study of Russian conservatism is slowly transiting from decentralized investigation to holistic research,and interdisciplinary comprehensive research and comparative research have become a development trend in the study of Russian conservatism.There are some main problems in the study of contemporary Russian conservatism:the ambiguity of the theoretical core of Russian conservatism,the one-sidedness of the study of the main thinkers and classical works of Russian conservatism,the fragmentation of the study of Russian conservatism,and the lack of academic attention to some important topics.