基于资源环境承载力的乡村土地利用空间布局优化——以贵州省开阳县为例

Optimization of Rural Land Use Spatial Layout Based on Resource and Environmental Carrying Capacity:A Case Study from Kaiyang County,Guizhou Province

以资源环境承载力为基础开展农业空间适宜性评价,在县域尺度下进行农业生产空间布局优化,对喀斯特地区乡村农业产业布局调整及发展特色农产品具有重要意义。本研究以开阳县为研究对象,从资源环境承载力角度入手,通过构建农业生产空间评价指标体系,采用GIS技术对各项指标进行叠加分析,评价开阳县农业生产空间适宜性。结果表明,开阳县资源环境承载力等级低、较低、中等、较高、高的比重依次为57.07%、29.16%、2.19%、10.09%、1.49%,承载力较低等级与低等级的农用地主要分布在北部、西部与西南部;农业生产不适宜区、较不适宜区、一般适宜区、较适宜区面积、适宜区比重依次为39.15%、20.95%、15.23%、18.03%、6.64%,坡度与土壤质地是影响开阳县资源环境承载力差异明显与农业生产不适宜区面积占比高的主要因素。根据评价结果,将开阳县划分为北部绿色生态农业区、南部山地生态农旅区、西部生态林业区、中东部山地特色农产区四个农业产业区,并提出了开阳县农业空间布局优化对策建议,以期为开阳县优化农业产业布局、发展山地特色农业提供参考依据。

The evaluation on the suitability of agricultural space based on the carrying capacity of resources and environment and the optimization of the spatial layout of agricultural production at the county scale are of great significance to the adjustment of rural agricultural industrial layout and the development of characteristic agricultural products in karst areas.This study takes Kaiyang County as the research object,starts from the perspective of resource and environmental carrying capacity,and evaluates the suitability of Kaiyang County’s agricultural production space by constructing an evaluation index system for agricultural production pace and using GIS technology to superimpose various indicators.The results show that Kaiyang County has low,sub-low,medium,sub-high,and high proportions of resource and environmental carrying capacity in the order of 57.07%,29.16%,2.19%,10.09%,and 1.49%,agricultural land with sub-low and low levels of carrying capacity is mainly distributed in the north,west and southwest.The proportion of unsuitable agricultural production areas,comparatively unsuitable areas,general suitable areas,comparatively suitable areas,and suitable areas are 39.15%,20.95%,15.23%,18.03%,and 6.64%,slope and soil texture are the main factors affecting the obvious difference in resource and environmental carrying capacity of Kaiyang County and the high proportion of unsuitable areas for agricultural production.According to the evaluation results,Kaiyang County is divided into four agricultural industrial zones,namely the northern green ecological agriculture zone,the southern mountain ecological agricultural tourism zone,the western ecological forestry zone,and the central and eastern mountain characteristic agricultural production zone,and puts forward the countermeasures and suggestions for the optimization of the agricultural spatial layout of Kaiyang County,in order to provide a reference for Kaiyang County to optimize the agricultural industrial layout and develop mountain characteristic agriculture.