基于InVEST和MCR模型的神木市生态网络问题识别

Research on Ecological Network Problem Identification of Shenmu Based on InVEST and MCR model

我国城镇化进程不断加快,生境斑块破碎化程度日益加剧,生态要素连通性受阻严重,生态网络安全稳定受到威胁。准确识别生态网络问题,可为生态保护及修复提供科学依据,对区域生态安全保护具有重要意义。本文深入贯彻党中央生态文明思想,以神木市为研究区,利用生态系统服务和权衡的综合评估模型(In VEST)结合地表覆被NDVI值,识别出对景观连通贡献最大的生境斑块作为生态源地,选取8项阻力因子构建综合阻力面,基于最小累积阻力模型(MCR),采用最小成本路径生成潜在廊道,利用重力模型对关键性生态廊道进行提取,并诊断出对景观生态连接起到关键性作用的生态节点。经研究,神木市现状生态网络存在景观破碎化程度相对较高,生态斑块缺失严重,生态廊道连通性受阻,生物迁徙流通存在障碍。通过定量数据分析的研究方法识别出生态源地、廊道、节点,能够较为准确地诊断出现状生态网络问题,研究结果可为高破碎化地区生态网络问题识别及生态安全格局构建提供参考和依据,对生态修复工程的实施也具有一定的指导意义。

China’s urbanization process is accelerating,the fragmentation degree of habitat patches is increasingly aggravated,the connectivity of ecological elements is severely blocked,and the security and stability of ecological network is threatened.Accurate identification of ecological network problems can provide scientific basis for ecological protection and restoration,and is of great significance to regional ecological security protection.In this paper,further implement the ecological civilization theory,the Shenmu City as research area,using the comprehensive evaluation model of the ecosystem services and the balance(InVEST)combined with surface cover NDVI value,the largest contribution to the identify of landscape connectivity of habitat patches as ecological source,select eight resistance factor to build a comprehensive resistance surface,based on the minimum cumulative resistance(MCR)model.The potential corridors were generated by the minimum cost path,and the key ecological corridors were extracted by gravity model,and the ecological nodes that played a key role in landscape ecological connection were diagnosed.According to the research, the current ecological network in Shenmu City has a relatively high degree of landscape fragmentation, serious loss of ecological patches, blocked connectivity of ecological corridors, and obstacles in biological migration and circulation. Through quantitative research methods of data analysis identified ecological source, corridor, node, ecological network in the diagnosis of problems to be able to accurately, the research results can provide high fragmentation region ecological network problem identification and ecological security pattern to provide reference and basis, for the implementation of ecological restoration engineering also has a certain reference significance.