大兴安岭地区发现偃松和西伯利亚红松天然杂交种研究报告

Hybrid Species of Pinus Pumila and Pinus Sibirica found in the Daxinganling Region

在额尔古纳国家级自然保护区发现一种特殊的五针松,多数植株树干倾斜,其形态介于西伯利亚红松和偃松之间,疑似两者杂交形成的物种。经过多年观察和监测,发现其性状稳定,并形成了稳定的繁殖种群。通过在西伯利亚红松、偃松和研究对象树体上采集枝条、松针和果实样本,对不同遗传体系的叶绿体、线粒体和核基因组的3种分子标记,进行DNA提取及PCR扩增和测序分析,初步确定其为西伯利亚红松和偃松的天然杂交种。因其在额尔古纳河流域内发现,故取名为“额尔古纳松”,拉丁名为:Pinus×ergunaensis M.Zhou.。该松属植物不但能生长成高大乔木,且能结出丰硕可食的果实,可作为优良的乡土造林树种。

A special Pinus parviflora was discovered in the Erguna National Nature Reserve,most of the plants have sloping trunks,and the morphology is intermediate between the P.pumila and P.sibirica,which are suspected to be a species formed by the hybridization of the two.After more than 20 years of observation and monitoring,we found that the characters of coeno-species formed a stable breeding population.The objects of study were collected the branches,pine needles and fruit from P.pumila and P.sibirica.Based on the different genetic system of chloroplast,mitochondria and nuclear genome analysis of three kinds of molecular markers,DNA extraction and PCR amplification,the results certified that it was identified as a natural coeno-species of P. pumila and P. sibirica. The coeno-species were named Ergunasong, scientific name as Pinus × ergunaensis M. Zhou, because of which was found in Erguna river basin. The coeno-species can not only grow into tall trees, but also bear rich edible fruits, which can be used as excellent local afforestation species.