基本公共服务供给领域的均衡性分析——基于第四次经济普查数据

The Equilibrium Analysis of the Supply of Basic Public Services-Based on the Data of the Fourth National Economic Census

基本公共服务供给的微观体现是“供给单位”和“从业者”。基层服务机构是基本公共服务提供的最终单位,本文在第四次经济普查数据、普查对象、基本公共服务提供间建立对接关系,从“法人单位”和“从业人员”两个角度,对六大领域基本公共服务的地区分布、供给体系分布、常住人口匹配进行分析。研究发现:(1)不同领域呈现出不同的“法人单位—从业人员”对应特征;(2)同一领域在不同地区的“分量”差异很大;(3)公共服务供给对常住人口的高配、缺口等现象在六大领域普遍存在。因此,建议从“供给单位”的角度,针对不同地区对六大领域基本公共服务的差异化需求,采用补短板和差异化的思路来调整公共服务提供单位量,同时出台政策积极引导和鼓励就业者进入上述六大领域基本公共服务从业。

The micro embodiment of basic public service supply is“unit”and“practitioner”.Grassroots service organizations are the ultimate units in providing basic public services.Based on the connection between the data of the fourth national economic census,census objects and the provision of basic public services,this paper analyzes the regional distribution,supply system distribution and permanent resident population matching of basic public services in six fields from the perspectives of“legal entity”and“employees”.The findings are as follows:(1)different fields present different corresponding characteristics of“legal entity-employee”;(2)the“weight”of the same field varies greatly in different regions;(3)the phenomenon of high allocation and gap of public service supply to permanent resident population is widespread in the six fields.Therefore,it is suggested that according to the different characteristics of the field,the idea of differentiation should be adopted to adjust the supply of public service providers.Meanwhile,policies should be provided to actively guide and encourage employment in six fields above.