行政行为明显不当案件的行政判决方式研究——以《行政诉讼法》第77条为视角

Research on the administrative judgment modes of the cases of obviously improper administrative acts——From the perspective of Article 77 of the Administrative Procedure Law

2014年《行政诉讼法》对变更判决的条件做出修改,其中“行政处罚显失公正”被修改为“行政处罚明显不当”并纳入新法第77条,同时增设了“其他行政行为涉及对款额的确定、认定确有错误”的规定。虽然“显失公正”到“明显不当”的变更为法院审查被诉行政行为的合理性进而变更判决提供了法律依据,但迄今为止学界和实务界对“明显不当”的内涵及认定标准仍存在争议,对依据本条规定如何理解并在实践中准确适用撤销判决与变更判决的疑惑依然存在。从学理层面对行政行为明显不当判决方式的判定作出回应,是当前行政诉讼理论与实务界亟待解决的重要课题。

The “Administrative Procedure Law” revised the conditions for changing the judgment in 2014,among which “administrative punishment is obviously unjust” was changed to “administrative punishment is obviously inappropriate” and included in Article 77 of the new law, and the provision of “other administrative actions involving the determination of the amount of money and the indeed wrong determination” was added.Although the change from “obviously unjust” to “obviously inappropriate” provides a legal basis for the court to review the rationality of the accused administrative action and then change the judgment, the connotation and identification standards of “obviously inappropriate” are still controversial in the academic and practical circles so far.There are still doubts on how to understand and apply the revocation judgment and modification judgment in practice according to the provisions of this article.Responding to the determination of the obviously inappropriate judgment method of administrative behavior from the academic level is an important issue that needs to be resolved urgently in the current administrative litigation theory and practice circles.