云南省外来入侵植物的区系成分及多样性分析

Analysis on the floristics and diversity of invasive alien plants in Yunnan Province

【目的】弄清云南省外来入侵植物的区系成分及多样性成因,为减少外来入侵植物对云南省生物多样性的影响提供理论依据。【方法】在已知云南省外来入侵植物种类组成的基础上,对其科、属、种的分布区类型进行了分析,并从生态指标(种子植物数、气候类型数、地表水总量、年均最高温)及社会经济指标(10年总进口额,10年总入境游客数)2方面,将云南省与其他入侵植物多样性最高的9个省市进行比较,以探讨外来入侵植物多样性的成因。【结果】在区系组成上,云南省外来入侵植物的热带成分占绝对优势,其比例在科、属、种水平上分别为50.85%、63.16%和63.39%。入侵种所在科、属,常广域分布,但入侵种原产地分布范围却不大,并倾向于集中在某些特定区域(如热带美洲、狭义地中海区)。入侵植物所在科的入侵种数与该科包含的世界种数存在显著性正相关。省市级行政区域内入侵植物种数与该省市国际贸易额、入境游客数等指标没有相关性,而与各省市的种子植物数、气候类型数存在显著性关系,与地表水总量和年均温度存在一定的关系。【结论】云南省的自然生境适宜外来入侵植物的生存和扩散。需要对具有热带性质,所在分类单元为大科、大属,且地理分布距离与云南较远的外来植物保持较高的警惕性。

【Aim】The aim of the present study was to understand the floristic and diverse causes of invasive alien plants in Yunnan Province,and to provide a theoretical basis for reducing the impact of invasive alien plants on biodiversity in this province.【Method】Based on the list of invasive alien plants in Yunnan Province,a floristic analysis of their families,genera,and species was conducted.To explore the causes of invasive plant diversity,Yunnan Province was compared with nine other provinces and cities with the highest invasive plant diversity in terms of ecological indicators(number of seed plants,number of climate types,total surface water,and annual maximum temperature)and socioeconomic indicators(total import value in 10 years,total number of inbound tourists in 10 years).【Result】Tropical components were predominant in the floristic composition of invasive alien plants in Yunnan Province,with the proportions of 50.85%,63.16%,and 63.39%at family,genus,and species levels,respectively.The distribution of the families and genera of invasive alien species often varies,but most species are narrowly distributed and tend to be concentrated in specific regions(such as Trop.America and the Mediterranean,s.s.).The number of invasive alien species in Yunnan exhibited a strong linear correlation with the number of species of the same family worldwide.There was no correlation between the number of invasive alien plant species,and the international trade volume and the number of inbound tourists.Nevertheless,there was a significant relationship between the number of seed plants and the number of climate types in each province,and a certain relationship between the total surface water and the average annual temperature.【Conclusion】The natural habitats in Yunnan Province are suitable for the survival and dispersal of alien invasive plants.Therefore,it is necessary to maintain high vigilance for alien plants from tropical areas,which belong to large families and genera,and are geographically distant from Yunnan Province.