社会性别视角下青年生育困境和政策支持研究

A Study on Youth Fertility Dilemma and Policy Support from the Perspective of Social Gender

三孩政策的实施效果远低于公众预期,持续快速攀升的高生育成本固然是当下青年生育面临的主要矛盾,但社会、职场甚至家庭拒绝承认女性生育困境的存在,才是导致现代女性陷入生育困境的主要诱因。由于政府财政还未富裕到能够包揽一切的程度,用于解决社会化问题的一般思路并不能直接用于解决生育社会化问题,生育完全社会化和完全回归家庭并不现实,最好采取家庭生育决策、社会保险参与、国家财政兜底的政策机制。在少子老龄化生育困境面前,应对低生育率不仅需要提高家庭生育、抚育能力的政策措施,更需要从税收、就业、住房、文化、服务设施等方面进行突破,构建性别友好的生育支持政策体系,既可适应人口发展经济规律,又能顺应社会化大生产对女性社会性别的主流方向建构。

The implementation effect of the three-child policy is far lower than the public’s expectation.The high cost of childbearing,which continues to rise rapidly,is certainly the main contradiction that young people are facing at present,but the refusal of society,the workplace and even the family to recognize the existence of women’s reproductive difficulties is the main inducement that causes modern women to fall into reproductive difficulties.Since the government’s finance is not rich enough to cover all the problems,the general thinking used to solve the socialization problem cannot be directly used to solve the problem of socialization of fertility.It is not realistic for fertility to be fully socialized and fully returned to the family.It is better to adopt the policy mechanism of family fertility decision-making,social insurance participation,and national financial support.In the face of the difficult situation of aging childbearing with fewer children,coping with the low fertility rate requires not only policy measures to improve the fertility and nurturing capacity of families,but also breakthroughs in taxation,employment,housing,culture and service facilities,and other aspects to build a gender-friendly fertility support policy system,which can not only adapt to the economic law of population development,but also conform to the mainstream direction of social production on female gender.