2016/2017 年度夏季南设得兰群岛海域浮游动物群落 结构及其与环境因子的关系

The structure of zooplankton community and its sensitivity to environmental factors around the South Shetland Islands in summer of 2016/2017

根据2016/2017年度南设得兰群岛海域夏季航次的浮游动物数据以及环境因子数据,初步分析了浮游动物的群落组成、丰度、多样性以及与环境因子的关系。结果显示,调查海域共检测出24种浮游动物物种(类群),浮游动物群落总丰度为1095.51 ind·m^(−3),主要由尖角似哲水蚤、拟长腹剑水蚤、南极大磷虾以及南极纽鳃樽等组成。表层温度是对浮游动物分布影响较强的环境因子之一,与上述的浮游动物优势物种的丰度均呈正相关。浮游动物的群落Shannon-Wiener多样性指数和Pielou均匀度指数与表层温度呈负相关关系。南大洋西南极海域近些年的显著升温可能会促进夏季南设得兰群岛海域优势浮游动物的增长,进而导致群落的多样性及均匀度的下降。本研究将有利于深入探析南极磷虾重要渔区浮游动物的群落组成和优势物种分布,并从基底生态学参数的角度为探究磷虾渔场的形成提供数据。

The structure,abundance,and diversity of the zooplankton community and its sensitivity to environmental factors in the seawaters of the South Shetland Islands,from late 2016 to early 2017,were analyzed.Twenty-four species of zooplankton were detected.The total abundance was 1095.51 ind·m−3.The most abundant zooplankton were Euphausia superba,Calanoides acutus,Oithona similis and Salpa thompsoni.Their distribution was positively correlated with surface temperature.Conversely,the Shannon-Wiener and Pielou indices were negatively correlated with surface temperature.This shows that the strong recent warming of West Antarctic waters promotes the growth of common zooplankton in the South Shetland Islands seawaters in summer,but probably causes a decrease in the evenness and diversity of the zooplankton community.This study investigated the zooplankton distribution in important fishing grounds for Euphausia superba,providing fundamental information to understand the formation of krill fishing grounds.