上海市新冠病毒Omicron变异株疫情的时空传播特征和防控措施

Spatiotemporal characteristics and prevention and control measures of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron pandemic in Shanghai

【目的】分析上海市新型冠状病毒Omicron变异株疫情的时空分布特点和防控措施情况,为优化后续疫情防控工作提供参考依据。【方法】收集2022年3月1日—2022年6月30日上海市卫生健康委员会发布的新型冠状病毒感染者相关信息及上海市采取的疫情防控措施,采用描述流行病学方法分析疫情的时空传播特征。【结果】截至2022年6月30日,上海市累计报告新型冠状病毒感染者627110例,死亡588例。感染者主要集中在浦东新区(35.47%)、闵行区(10.18%)和黄浦区(9.27%)。黄浦区累积感染率最高,为8.78%。随着疫情进展,本轮疫情的防控措施从“精准防控”策略加强为“切块式、网格化”核酸筛查,进而升级为全市封控。4月29日,每日新增感染者全部来自隔离管控人员,实现社会面风险可控。【结论】上海市本轮疫情的累积感染人数超过此前国内任何一波疫情。鉴于Omicron变异株传播能力和隐匿性增强的特点,在“动态清零”总方针下,须及时采取强有力的公共卫生措施才能有效控制疫情。

[Objective]To analyze the spatiotemporal characteristics and prevention and control measures of the pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant in Shanghai in 2022,aiming to optimize future prevention and control strategies.[Methods]Descriptive statistical method was used to analyze data on daily infections released by the Shanghai Municipal Health Commission from March 1 to June 30,2022.[Results]As of 30 June,a total of 627110 infections and 588 deaths had been reported in Shanghai.Most of the cases were in Pudong New Area(35.47%),Minhang District(10.18%)and Huangpu District(9.27%).The cumulative infection rate was 8.78%in Huangpu District,which was the highest among all the districts.With the progress of the pandemic,the prevention and control measures were strengthened from a“precise prevention and control”strategy to“block and grid”screening,and then upgraded to city-wide lockdown.All daily new infections were identified from the quarantined population on April 29,2022,reaching the goal of“clearance of community transmission”.[Conclusion]The cumulative infections in Shanghai exceeded any previous epidemics in China's Mainland.Given the enhanced transmissibility and vaccine-induced immune escape of the Omicron variant,timely and strong public health measures are needed to suppress the pandemic under the general policy of"Dynamic zero-COVID".