从司马相如人生轨迹看西汉士人的社会流动

On the social mobility of scholars in the Western Han Dynasty from the life track of Sima Xiangru

司马相如一生流动轨迹恰能反映西汉社会流动的现实。“以訾为官”、“赋奏”为郎的经历对应“訾选”制、察举制、博士弟子课试制3种选官制度的实行,展现了西汉士人上行流动的主要方式;因病免官、市肆卖酒、“受金”失官的经历对应西汉下行流动的两种现实:由官为民,由“士”转向其他阶层。

Sima Xiangru s life mobility trajectory can accurately reflect the reality of social mobility in the Western Han Dynasty.The experience of“Taking Zi as an Official”and“Fu Zou as a Lang”corresponded to the implementation of three official selection systems,namely,“Zi Selection”system,censoring system and doctoral student course trial system,which showed the main way of upward mobility of scholars in the Western Han Dynasty.The experience of dismissing officials due to illness,selling alcohol in the market and losing officials due to“Receiving Money”corresponded to two realities of downward mobility in the Western Han Dynasty:one way from officials to ordinary people,and the other way from“Scholars”to other classes.