十六国君臣引“汉朝故事”考辨:“史相”与“史实”之间

Textual research on the sixteen states monarchs and ministers citation of“Stories of the Han Dynasty”to distinguish between“Historical Records”and“Historical Fact”

目前所存“十六国”史料中,保留了十六国君臣引用“汉朝故事”及在实录后加入“如汉朝故事”之类的记载,这是十六国史官为构建“华夏化”政治体形象编排的“史相”,而“史实”是两汉以来经史分离,史学地位提高,《汉书》因特殊的历史地位而被广为传播,十六国君臣引“汉朝故事”为现实政治服务。这使“史相”与“史实”存在一定的距离,但利用汉朝的政治资源促进了十六国政治文明的演进。

At present,the records of“Stories of the Han Dynasty”cited by the monarchs and ministers of the sixteen states and the“Stories of the Han Dynasty”added after the actual records are retained in the historical materials of the“Sixteen States”.This is the“Historical Picture”that the historians of the Sixteen States arranged to build the image of the“Huaxia”political style.The“Historical Fact”is that the classics and history had been separated,and the historical status had been improved since the Han Dynasty.The History of the Han Dynasty had been widely disseminated because of its special historical status.The Sixteen States monarchs and ministers cited“Stories of the Han Dynasty”to serve the realistic politics.This caused a certain distance between“Historical Appearance”and“Historical Facts”,but the use of Han political resources promoted the evolution of political civilization in the sixteen countries.