基于4R空间机构酿酒葡萄振动采收装置设计与试验

Design and Experiment of Wine Grape Vibration Harvesting Device Based on 4R Spatial Mechanism

针对新疆酿酒葡萄种植模式独特、人工采收成本高、效率低及国外采收机械无法满足采收需求等问题,提出了适用于当前种植模式的基于4R空间机构的酿酒葡萄振动采收装置,采用4R机构与平面铰链机构耦合的方式实现变速变向运动。同时,确定了4R空间机构和肋条平面振摇采收机构耦合方式和结构参数,确定了影响酿酒葡萄分离率的主要影响因素为曲柄转速、OC与OB间夹角和肋条主动杆长度。开展了振动采收装置仿真正交试验,确定最佳参数组合为曲柄转速900r/min、OC与OB间夹角60°及肋条主动杆长度800mm,明确了曲柄转速和肋条主动杆长度对各作用点平均加速度影响显著,即OC与OB间夹角影响较显著。试制试验台架,并以最优参数组合开展试验,结果表明:振动采收装置平均分离率为85.55%,分离率与作用点距离呈正相关,验证了仿真试验与装置设计的合理性。

In view of the unique planting mode of wine grape in Xinjiang,the high cost and low efficiency of manual harvesting,and the foreign harvesting machinery can not meet the harvesting demand,a wine grape vibration harvesting device based on 4R spatial mechanism was proposed,which is suitable for the Xinjiang current wine grape planting mode.The coupling mode and structural parameters of 4R spatial mechanism and rib plane shaking harvesting mechanism were determined.The main influencing factors of wine grape separation rate were determined as crank speed,angle between OC and OB and length of rib driving rod;The simulation orthogonal test of vibration harvesting device was carried out,and the optimal parameters were determined as crank speed was 900 r/min,angle between OC and OB was 60°and rib active rod length was 800 mm.It was clear that crank speed and rib active rod length had significant effect on average acceleration of each action point,and angle between OC and OB had significant effect;The results showed that the average separation rate of the vibration recovery device was 85.55%,and the separation rate was positively correlated with the distance of the action point,which verifies the rationality of the simulation test and the device design.