不同作业参数对覆膜机培土量的影响研究

Research on the Influence of Different Operating Parameters on the Soil Cultivation of Film Covering Machine

为了明确覆膜机不同作业参数下培土刀对覆膜培土量的影响,采用离散元分析方法建立覆膜机培土刀与地垄仿真模型。以地垄模型一侧固定位置、固定大小的土壤质量为试验指标,采用单因素试验确定出刀垄距离为2~4cm时培土效果较好。在刀垄距离为2~4cm条件下,以培土刀转速、行走速度、培土深度、刀垄距离为试验因素,进行四因素五水平正交仿真试验。结果表明:覆膜机作业参数对培土量影响因素由主到次依次为培土深度(C)、刀垄距离(D)、培土刀转速(A)、行走速度(B),且4个因素中培土深度(C)对结果影响极其显著,刀垄距离(D)对结果影响较显著,培土刀转速(A)与行走速度(B)对结果影响不显著。其中,培土深度C2与C3之间差异不显著,C1与C4、C5之间差异显著,且培土深度参数为C1时覆膜机培土量最少,培土深度参数为C5时覆膜机培土量最多。刀垄距离D3与D5之间差异不显著,D2与D4之间差异不显著,D1与D2、D4之间差异显著,且刀垄距离参数为D1时覆膜机培土量最少,刀垄距离参数为D4时覆膜机培土量最多。分析培土刀入土过程可知:培土刀作业过程中,大部分土壤颗粒呈分散状态落至地垄一侧,且不同颗粒运动状态不一致。研究结果可为今后主动式培土覆膜机整机设计参数优化提供参考。

In order to clarify the influence of ridging knife on the amount of mulched soil under different operation parameters of active ridging machine,a simulation model of ridging knife and ridge of mulching machine was established by using discrete element analysis method,and the soil quality at a fixed position and a fixed size on one side of the ridge model was taken as the test index.By single factor experiment,it is determined that the effect of ridging is better when the distance between knife and ridge is 2-4cm,and when the distance between knife and ridge is 2-4cm.Taking the rotation speed,walking speed,depth of ridging and distance between blades and ridges as experimental factors,the orthogonal simulation experiment with four factors and five levels was adopted.The simulation results show that the influencing factors of the operation parameters of the laminating machine on the ridging amount are ridging depth(C),knife ridge distance(D),ridging knife rotation speed(A)and walking speed(B)in turn,and among the four factors,the ridging depth(C)and knife ridge distance(D)have significant effects on the results,namely,ridging knife rotation speed(A)and walking speed(B).Among them,there is no significant difference between C2 and C3,but significant difference between C1 and C4 and C5,and the mulcher's mulch amount is the least when the mulcher's mulch depth parameter is C1,and the maximum when the mulcher's mulch depth parameter is C5.There is no significant difference between knife-ridge distance D3 and D5,D2 and D4,and D1,D2 and D4,respectively.When knife-ridge distance parameter is D1,the amount of mulch is the least,and when knife-ridge distance parameter is D4,the amount of mulch is the most.The analysis of the digging process of the ridging knife shows that during the operation of the ridging knife,most of the soil particles fall to one side of the ridge in a dispersed state,and the motion state of different particles is inconsistent.The research results provide a reference for the optimization of the design parameters of the whole machine of the active ridging and laminating machine in the future.