天人相分:先秦道家的天人观——兼论其对现代文明的启示

Division between Heaven and Man in the Pre-Qin Taoist View--and Its Enlightenment to Modern Civilization

天人关系问题是中国古代哲学的一个经典命题。先秦道家认为天人之间的基本关系是天人相分。《老子》认为天道无为且没有情感,而人道则力图有为并且追求仁义,故天人之间是相分别的。庄子一面继承《老子》自然无为的思想,另一面又指出以礼乐教化为代表的人类文明不仅与天道是相悖、而且还会残害事物的天赋本性,故庄子主张存天而灭人。老庄天人相分的思想虽然有一定的意义和价值,但是对于现代文明而言只能吸收其积极的内核。这就是当今人类社会要充分重视天地自然的地位和价值,从而实现人与自然的和谐共处乃至一体共存。

The relationship between heaven and man is a classic proposition of ancient Chinese philosophy.Pre-Qin Taoism believed that the basic relationship between heaven and man is the division between them.Laozi(Tao Te Ching)believed that the way of heaven does nothing and has no emotion while humanity strives for success and pursues benevolence and righteousness,so heaven and man are divided.Zhuangzi inherited the thought of natural inaction in Laozi,at the same time,he pointed out that the human civilization represented by rites and music enlightenment was not only contrary to the way of heaven,but also destroyed the true nature of all things.Therefore,Zhuangzi advocated to save heaven and destroy others.Although Lao Zhuang's thought of division between heaven and man has certain significance and value,only its positive core can be absorbed for modern civilization.Specifically speaking,today's human society should pay full attention to the status and value of heaven,earth and nature so as to realize the harmonious coexistence and even integration of man and nature.